基于自建语料库对定语从句引导词的研究——以《汉堡规则》中“Which”为例

A Study of Attributive Clause Antecedent Based on Self-Built Corpus—Taking “Which” in Hamburg Rules as an Example

摘要: 《汉堡规则》，亦称为《1978年联合国海上货物运输公约》，作为海事公约文本，其中含有大量不同种类的定语从句，因此其中的翻译值得我们反复推敲学习。通过建立AntConc语料库对《汉堡规则》进行分析，本文对《汉堡规则》中限制性定语从句中引导词“which”的翻译做出归纳和总结，也希望能够给国际海事公约英译汉带来一些启发。通过一系列分析，研究发现在《汉堡规则》中定语从句的引导词有that，whom，who，whose，when，which，where。其中which引导的定语从句数量最多。这是因为“which”与许多介词组合，构成定语从句先行词。此外，通过分析本文发现“which”这一引导词在《汉堡规则》中有相对固定的几种翻译策略或者方法。

Abstract: The Hamburg Rules, also known as the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea of 1978, as a maritime convention text, contains a large number of various kinds of attributive clauses. Therefore, the translation of the sentences therein is worthy of our careful study. Through the establishment of AntConc corpus, this paper analyzed the Hamburg Rules and summarized the translation of restrictive attributive clause antecedent “which” in the Hamburg Rules, hoping to bring some enlightenment to the English-Chinese translation of international maritime conventions. The data show that in the Hamburg Rules, the antecedent of attributive clauses are “that”, “who”, “who”, “which”, “where”, and the antecedent “which” is the largest number of attributive clauses. This is because “which” combines with many prepositions to form the antecedent of the attributive clause. In addition, through the analysis, it is found that the guide word “which” has several relatively fixed translation strategies or methods in the Hamburg Rules.