黄河口及莱州湾四种甲壳动物的生物学及研究历程

Biology and Research Progress of Four Crustaceans from the Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou Bay

摘要: 为了解黄河口及莱州湾海域中日本蟳、三疣梭子蟹、口虾蛄与中国明对虾的生物学信息，为我国相关海域渔业经济发展与生态保护提供一定理论支持，本文通过查阅文献的方式，获得从2010年到2015年间对黄河口及莱州湾海域内该四种大型甲壳类的种群分布、资源密度、优势度等方面前人的研究工作，总结得出：1) 四种动物的生物量季节分布密度按照夏季，春秋季，冬季顺序递减；2) 四种动物的高密度分布区域按照夏季，秋季，冬季的顺序从近海向远海转移，并在来年春季重新向近海转移；3) 优势种方面日本蟳与口虾蛄为第一梯度优势种，另两种的种群规模则很大程度上依赖增殖放流。笔者认为，放流工作对于日本蟳与口虾蛄的优势情况影响不大，而对于放流物种，应当通过深入研究其生物学习性并对放流工作进行科学改革，通过投放良种，推迟捕捞，研究放流种类洄游习性等，减少浪费消耗，更高效地融合经济价值与生态修复。

Abstract: In order to understand the biological information of Charybdis japonica, Penaeus chinensis, Oratosquillaoratoria, and Portunustri tuberculatus in the waters of The Yellow River estuary and Laizhou Bay, and to provide theoretical support for fishery economic development and ecological protection in the relevant waters of China, this paper reviewed the literature Based on previous studies on the population distribution, resource density and dominance of the four large crustaceans in the Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou Bay from 2010 to 2015, we concluded that: 1) The biomass seasonal distribution density of the four species decreased in summer, spring and autumn, and winter; 2) The high density distribution area of the four species shifted from offshore to offshore in summer, autumn and winter, and then shifted to offshore again in the following spring; 3) In terms of dominant species, Charybdis japonica and Portunustri tuberculatus were the first gradient dominant species, and the population size of the other two species largely depended on proliferation. The author thinks that discharge work for Charybdis japonica and mouth the advantage of mantis shrimp, and for discharge species, should be through in-depth study of the biology learning and work to discharge scientific reform, through on the well-bred, delay the fishing, the discharge type migratory behavior, etc., reduce waste of consumption, economic value and ecological more efficiently fusion.