“应”与“实”：离婚冷静期的制度回望

“Should” and “Real”: A Review of the System of Cooling-Off Period for Divorce

摘要: 离婚冷静期制度的应然目标是防止轻率地登记离婚，以降低离婚率。但从实然效果来看，离婚冷静期与应然目标之间存在或然性。由于离婚冷静期期间未设置对弱势群体和夫妻共同财产的保护措施，反而可能给婚姻当事人造成更大的不幸。为缩小应然目标和实然效果之间的差距，应以立法目的为指引，通过采用目的性限缩解释的法律解释方法限定离婚冷静期条款的适用范围、排除适用离婚冷静期条款的情形、区分情形设置离婚冷静期的时长，结合实际制定相关配套措施，完善离婚冷静期制度。

Abstract: The natural objective of the cooling-off period system for divorce is to reduce the divorce rate by preventing frivolous registration of divorces. However, from the actual effect, there is a probability between the cooling-off period for divorce and the desired goal. Since there are no protection measures for vulnerable groups and the joint property of the husband and wife during the cooling-off period for divorce, it may cause greater misfortune to the parties to the marriage. In order to narrow the gap between the desired goal and the actual effect, the legislative purpose should be used as a guide, and the legal interpretation method of purposeful limitation interpretation should be used to limit the scope of application of the cooling-off period clause for divorce, exclude the circumstances in which the cooling-off period clause for divorce is applied, set the length of the cool-ing-off period for divorce in different circumstances, and formulate relevant supporting measures in light of actual conditions to improve the cooling-off period system for divorce.