NFT数字藏品的“铸币”行为及交易法律问题探究

“Mintage” Behavior and Transaction of Legal Issues of NFT Digital Collection

摘要: NFT数字藏品是区块链新兴的运用，借助区块链独有的技术特征，保证数字藏品具有独一无二的特性。NFT数字藏品不能仅仅关注于其具有的数据特征，也不能仅仅关注于知识产权方面、对艺术品著作权人的保护而忽视财产的转移。从民法的角度，NFT数字藏品符合物权的特征，适合纳入物权范围进行民法层面的普适性的保护。NFT数字藏品在合约中进行编程等数据化操作进行权利转移，并借助区块链账本透明公开的性质，让NFT数字藏品在确定主体的权利内容方面具有了超越普通动产物权变动的公示效果，做到了用益物权中所要求的公示公信原则，可以对用益物权进行扩大解释，将NFT数字藏品的后续转让交易行为也纳入物权进行保护。

Abstract: NFT digital collection serves as an emerging application of blockchain. With help of unique technical characteristics of blockchain, digital collection is guaranteed to enjoy unique characteristics. It should not only focus on data characteristics, nor should it only pay attention to intellectual property rights as well as protection of art copyright owners while ignoring transfer of property. From the perspective of civil law, NFT digital collection conforms to features of property right, which is suitable to be contained into scope of property right for universal protection at the civil law level. NFT digital collection carries out programming and other data-based operations in the contract so as to transfer rights. At the same time, transparent and open nature of blockchain ledger is applied to make NFT digital collection have publicity effect beyond change of ordinary chattel real right in determining rights of the subject. Demonstrative principle of real right required in usufructuary right can expand its interpretation. The subsequent transfer transaction behavior of NFT digital collection is also included in the real right for protection.