大花胡麻草种子萌发特性研究

Study on Seed Germination Characteristics of Centrothera grandiflora

摘要: 大花胡麻草(Centrothera grandiflora)是云南省滇东南地区珍稀民族药材红根野蚕豆最主要的基源植物，该物种属根部半寄生植物，其对生长环境要求严苛，自然环境的种子萌发率低于0.3%，种子萌发条件极为苛刻，种子成苗率极低，种子萌发及幼苗建成障碍明显。为了克服其种子萌发障碍，本论文对大花胡麻草种实性状进行了测定，并研究了温度、光照、水分、基质等因素对种子萌发的影响。结果表明：1) 大花胡麻草果实平均宽0.56 ± 0.13 cm，平均长0.99 ± 0.21 cm，单果均重0.0566 ± 0.0216 g，种子千粒重0.024 ± 0.002 g，属小粒种子，种子顶土能力弱，出苗期间易腐烂；2) 种子自身不产生抑制萌发的物质，随着贮存时间的延长，种子生活力逐年下降，发生休眠。通过一定处理可以提高发芽率，其中以30 mg/L赤霉素处理表现最好，在16.4 d开始萌发，萌发率78.66%；3) 大花胡麻草适宜的萌发环境为温度23℃、12 h/d、一天浇水一次，腐殖营养土 + 红壤土添加适量沙土作为基质育苗最好。

Abstract: Centrothera grandiflora is the most important basic source plant of the rare ethnic medicine Vicia faba in southeastern Yunnan Province. This species belongs to the root semi-parasitic plant, which has strict requirements on the growth environment. The seed germination rate in the natural environment is lower than 0.3%, the germination conditions are extremely harsh, the seedling rate of seeds is extremely low, and the barriers to seed germination and seedling formation are obvious. In order to overcome the obstacle of seed germination, this paper measured the seed and fruit characteristics of Centrothera grandiflora, and studied the effects of temperature, light, water, substrate, and so on. The results of Centrothera grandiflora showed that: 1) The average width of the fruit was 0.56 ± 0.13 cm, the average length was 0.99 ± 0.21 cm, the average weight of a single fruit was 0.0566 ± 0.0216 g, and the weight of a thousand seeds was 0.024 ± 0.002 g. It was a small seed, the ability of topsoil was weak, and it was easy to rot during seedling emergence; 2) The seed itself does not produce substances that inhibit germination. With the extension of storage time, the viability of the seed decreases year by year and dormancy occurs. Through certain treatments, the germination rate can be improved. Among them, 30 mg/L gibberellin treatment is the best, and the germination rate is 78.66% after 16.4 d; 3) The suitable germination environment for flax grass is 23˚C, 12 h/d, and watered once a day. Humus nutrient soil + red soil plus an appropriate amount of sand soil is the best substrate for seedling cultivation.