华北地台金伯利岩的岩石矿物学及地球化学特征
Petrography, Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Kimberlite in North China Platform
DOI: 10.12677/AG.2023.133028, PDF,  被引量   
作者: 司博文：桂林理工大学广西隐伏金属矿产勘查重点实验室，广西 桂林
关键词: 华北地台；金伯利岩；华北克拉通；蒙阴；复县；North China Platform； Kimberley Rock； North China Craton； Mengyin； Fuxian
摘要: 金伯利岩因携带地幔捕虏体，使得人们得以研究地幔动力学、探讨岩石圈演化等重大科学问题，同时也因携带金刚石，使得工业、珠宝业等各行各业经济得以发展。但由于受到研究思路与手段的限制，金伯利岩的研究始终停滞不前。非洲、加拿大、俄罗斯、澳大利亚等国家至发现金伯利岩以来，金刚石产量遥遥领先，2016年全球的金刚石产量达到1.28亿克拉，排名前五位分别是俄罗斯、博茨瓦纳、加拿大、安哥拉、南非，中国金刚石的产量似乎一直没有突破。国内，金伯利岩型金刚石矿床产出背景主要在华北地台、扬子地台和塔里木地台大地构造单元。其中，具有重大开采经济价值的仅蒙阴与复县两处的含矿金伯利岩岩区，又以50号岩管的金刚石质量为上等。本文综述华北克拉通的发展与演化、华北地台金伯利岩区域地质构造与华北地台各岩区含矿金伯利岩的岩相学、矿物学、地球化学特征，旨在通过描述各岩区的金伯利岩的不同偏差，与金刚石的品味和质量是否具有关联性。
Abstract: Because kimberlites carry mantle traps, people can study mantle dynamics and explore major scientific issues such as the evolution of the lithosphere. It is also because kimberlites carry di-amonds, and industries like the jewelry industry have developed their economies. Due to the li-mitations of research ideas and methods, the research of Kimberlite has always been stagnant. Since the discovery of kimberlite in Africa, Canada, Russia, Australia and other countries, diamond output has been far ahead. In 2016, global diamond output reached 128 million carats. The top five are Russia, Botswana, Canada, Angola, South Africa, and China. Production seems to have not broken through. The production background of the Kimberley-type diamond deposit is mainly in the tectonic units of the North China Platform, the Yangtze Platform and the Tarim Platform. Among them, those with significant economic exploitation value are only the ore-bearing kimberlite rock areas in Mengyin and Fuxian, and the quality of the diamond of No. 50 rock tube is the highest. This article reviews the development and evolution of the North China Craton, the regional geological structure and petrology, mineralogy, and geochemical characteristics of the North China Platform Kimberley Rock. It aims to describe the different deviations of the Kimberley rocks in each rock area from the taste and quality of diamond is it relevant.
文章引用：司博文. 华北地台金伯利岩的岩石矿物学及地球化学特征[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2023, 13(3): 292-303. https://doi.org/10.12677/AG.2023.133028

参考文献

[1] 翟明国. 华北克拉通构造演化[J]. 地质力学学报, 2019, 25(5): 722-745.
[2] 路凤香, 赵磊, 邓晋福, 郑建平. 华北地台金伯利岩岩浆活动时代讨论[J]. 岩石学报, 1995(4): 365-374.
[3] Richardson, S.H., Gurney, J.J., Erlank, A.J., et al. (1984) Origin of Diamonds in Old Enriched Mantle. Nature, 310, 198-202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Marakushev, A.A. (1982) The Fluid Regime in the Formation of Diamond-Containing Rock. International Geology Review, 24, 1241-1252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] Mitchell, R.H. (2013) Kimberlites: Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology. Springer Science & Business Media.
[6] 杨建民. 山西北部金伯利岩钾镁煌斑岩岩石学矿物学研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 中国地质科学院, 1995: 1-135.
[7] 张培强. 山东金伯利岩岩管成因[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2006.
[8] 杨志军, 黄珊珊, 陈耀明, 李晓潇, 曾璇, 周文秀. 金伯利岩演化过程及金刚石含矿性评价的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(7): 700-707.
[9] Mitchell, R.H. (1995) Kimberlites and Orangeites. In Kimberlites, Orangeites, and Related Rocks, Springer, Boston, 1-90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] 周秀仲, 杨建民, 黄蕴慧, 秦淑英. 山东和辽宁金伯利岩的稀土元素地球化学特征[J]. 1990, 9(4): 300-308.
[11] Dawson, J.B. and Stephens, W.E. (1975) Statistical Classification of Garnets from Kimberlite and Associated Xenoliths. The Journal of Geology, 83, 589-607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] 周秀仲, 黄蕴慧, 秦淑英, 高岩, 杨建民. 山东、辽宁金伯利岩中石榴石的类型、标型特征及其与金刚石的关系[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 1991(3): 252-264.
[13] 郑建平, 路凤香, 赵磊, 王柏轩, 毛文清, 宋更河. 华北地台古生代金伯利岩(包括金刚石)中流体及其在地幔演化中的作用[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 1996(2): 105-118.
[14] Clementc, R. (1982) A Comparative Geological Study of Some Major Kimberlite Pipes in the Northern Cape and Orange Free State. University of Cape Town, Cape Town.