云南彝豆3号蚕豆种植的气候适宜性划分

Regionalization of Climate Suitability for Broad Bean Cultivation in Yi-Dou No. 3, Yunnan

摘要: 云南蚕豆种植发展潜力大，为细化气候因子对秋播蚕豆种植的影响，基于海拔高度，秋播蚕豆生育期气温、降水、日照、阴雨日数、有霜日数、霜最冷时段气温，用主成分分析法和作物生长气候适宜度计算，分别做彝豆3号蚕豆新品种在云南种植的气候适宜性划分。结果表明：彝豆3号蚕豆种植的最适宜气候区主要分布在云南哀牢山以东、以北的滇中昆明西北部、楚雄、玉溪、曲靖、昭通低海拔地带及向西偏北延伸到大理、丽江和保山、怒江的局部区域，向东南延伸到文山、红河北部区域，全生育期平均气温13.3℃，产量形成期平均气温10.7℃，最冷时段平均气温9.3℃，主生育期降水174 mm、日照1208 h；适宜区主要分布在昆明大部，大理北部，丽江西北部，昭通南部及云南哀牢山西南侧的狭长地带；次适宜区主要分布在哀牢山以南以西除滇南、滇东南河谷地带以外的广大区域和昭通的河谷地带和大理、丽江、曲靖北部，迪庆南部和昭通的高海拔地带；不适宜区主要分布在滇西北的迪庆高寒低温干燥和滇南、滇西南低热河谷的高温、高湿区域。

Abstract: Yunnan has a great potential for the development of broad bean cultivation. In order to refine the impact of climate factors on autumn sown broad bean cultivation, based on altitude, temperature, precipitation, sunshine, number of rainy days, number of frost days, and temperature in the coldest frost period during the growth period of autumn sown broad bean, the principal component analysis method and the calculation of climate suitability of crop planting were used to classify the climatic suitability of the new broad bean variety Yidou 3 cultivation in Yunnan. The results show that: The most suitable climate zones for Yi-Dou No. 3 broad bean planting are mainly distributed in the northwest of Kunming, Chuxiong, Yuxi, Qujing and Zhaotong in central Yunnan to the east and north of Ailao Mountain, and extend to Dali, Lijiang, Baoshan and Nujiang in the west and north, and extend to Wenshan and the north of Honghe in the southeast. The average temperature of the whole growth period was 13.3˚C, the average temperature of the yield formation period was 10.7˚C, the average temperature of the coldest period was 9.3˚C, the precipitation was 174 mm and the sunshine was 1208 h during the main growth period. The suitable areas are mainly distributed in the north of Ailao Mountain except the valley zone of south Yunnan and southeast Yunnan, the valley zone of Zhaotong, the north of Dali, Lijiang, Qujing, the south of Diqing and the high altitude zone of Zhaotong. The unsuitable areas are mainly distributed in the Diqing cold and low temperature dry area in northwest Yunnan and the high temperature and high humidity area in the low heat valley of south Yunnan and southwest Yunnan.