丹顶鹤潜在栖息地的遥感识别与动态监测

Remote Sensing Identification and Dynamic Monitoring of Potential Habitats of Red-Crowned Cranes

摘要: 丹顶鹤作为珍稀濒危鸟类，一直是我们国家的重点保护对象。丹顶鹤一般会选择适宜的湿地进行筑巢和繁殖，因此研究其潜在的栖息地对保护丹顶鹤和恢复已被破坏的栖息地有非常重要的意义。本文选择辉河湿地为研究区，以单一土地利用动态度和景观格局指数为研究手段，利用辉河湿地1985~2020年8期遥感影像和道路数据等，通过对丹顶鹤潜在栖息地的条件进行筛选和识别，确定丹顶鹤潜在栖息地的空间分布与变化特征。结果表明：通过分析食物条件，水分条件，隐蔽条件，远离居民地、耕地、道路等获得的最佳丹顶鹤潜在栖息地的数量在1990年有上升趋势，而后逐年减少，2005~2015年几乎无变化，而后在2020年大幅下降，丹顶鹤潜在栖息地从1985年最初的451.24 km²减少到2020年的191.68 km²，共计减少了259.56 km²，其动态度先呈现逐年减少的趋势，在2005~2015期间缓慢上升，随后到2020年开始减少。近35年丹顶鹤潜在栖息地整体呈现减少的趋势。根据得到的景观格局指数，辉河丹顶鹤栖息地的整体景观形状较为简单，近35年景观破碎程度变化呈现起伏式波动的状态，且2010年和2020年破碎化程度比较高。

Abstract: As a rare and endangered bird, the red-crowned crane has always been a key protection object in our country. Red-crowned cranes generally choose suitable wetlands for nesting and breeding, so studying their potential habitat is important to protect red-crowned cranes and restore destroyed habitats. In this paper, Huihe Wetland was selected as the research area, and the spatial distribution and change characteristics of the potential habitat of red-crowned cranes were de-termined by screening and identifying the conditions of potential habitats of red-crowned cranes by using a single land use dynamic degree and landscape pattern index as the research method, and using remote sensing images and road data from the 8th period of Huihe Wetland from 1985 to 2020. The results showed that the number of potential habitats of the best red-crowned crane obtained by analyzing food conditions, water conditions, hidden conditions, and away from residential land, arable land, roads, etc. had an upward trend in 1990, and then decreased year by year, with almost no change from 2005 to 2015, and then decreased significantly in 2020, and the potential habitat of red-crowned cranes decreased from 451.24 km² in 1985 to 191.68 km² in 2020, a total decrease of 259.56 km². Its dynamics first showed a decreasing trend year by year, slowly increasing between 2005 and 2015, and then decreasing in 2020. In the past 35 years, the potential habitat of red-crowned cranes has shown an overall trend of decline. According to the obtained landscape pattern index, the overall landscape shape of the habitat of Huihe red-crowned crane is relatively simple, and the degree of landscape fragmentation has shown a state of undulating fluctuations in the past 35 years, and the degree of fragmentation in 2010 and 2020 is relatively high.