基于自建小型语料库的英语被动句汉译分析

An Analysis on Chinese Translation of English Passive Sentences Based on Self-Built Small Corpora

摘要: 中国作为世界上最大的工业出口国和生产国，其日常的运输环节离不开航运业的运作，因此，航运业在促进进出口贸易中的重要性不言而喻。基于自建小型语料库，对《鹿特丹规则》中被动句的翻译技巧和汉译倾向进行探讨。研究显示，该文本的被动结构通常被译为汉语主动句，占比46.3%，而译为“被动式”的情况仅为4.1%，因此，航运文本中的被动句翻译更偏向传统化，受欧化影响不大。另外，译者在翻译航运文本中的被动句时，频繁使用语序调整和转换这两种翻译技巧，前者包括调整原文受事的位置以及译为汉语无主句两种情况，后者包括译为汉语隐性被动句、半显性被动句以及显性被动句三种句式。

Abstract: As the largest industrial exporter and producer across the world, the transportation of China is inseparable from shipping industry. Thus, the importance of that is self-evident in prompting import and export trade. Based on the self-built corpus, this paper aims to study the translation techniques and tendency of passive sentences in The Rotterdam Rules. Statistics show that the passive structures of this text have been largely translated into Chinese active sentences, which accounts for 46.3%, while the Chinese passive sentences with the passive marker “被” only ac-count for 4.1%, which indicates that the translation of passive sentences in shipping texts is normally conducted in a traditional manner instead of in an Europeanize manner. What’s more, it is found that two translation techniques are widely used in E-C translation in terms of passive sentences, namely inversion and shift. The former one includes the situations that change the positions of receptors in source sentences, as well as translate the subject in source sentence as the object in target sentence, while the latter one can be adopted in three forms: conversion to Chinese covert passive, Chinese half overt passive and Chinese overt passive.