阿尔都塞“多元决定论”的批判与反思——基于马克思艺术哲学视角

Althusser’s Critique and Reflection on the “Determination in the Last Instance” —Based on the Perspective of Marxist Aesthetics Philosophy

摘要: 艺术生产是马克思文艺理论中的重要问题，也是当代艺术创作环境中的现实问题。“多元决定”理论由阿尔都塞提出，认为对于任何历史现实的考察应该摒弃黑格尔式的复归型思维以及单一的经济决定论惯性，用矛盾的主次对立和内部差异来明确对象结构，以期认识历史真实的辩证运动过程。我们从此视角出发，积极发掘其唯物主义理论中的超越性与不彻底性，并进一步据此考察阿尔都塞在理论移置后，对艺术思考中所凸显出来的主体缺失问题和逻辑矛盾问题。这对于深化马克思艺术生产论的认识有一定现实价值。

Abstract: Art production is an important issue in Marx’s theory of literature and art, and also a practical issue in the contemporary art creation environment. The theory of “multiple determination” was put forward by Althusser, who believed that the investigation of any historical reality should abandon Hegelian reversionary thinking and the single inertia of economic determinism, and clarify the object structure with the primary-secondary opposition and internal differences of contradictions, in order to understand the real dialectical movement process of history. From this perspective, we actively explore the transcendence and incompleteness of his materialist theory, and further investigate the problem of the lack of subject and the logical contradiction highlighted in Althusser’s thinking of art after the theoretical shift. This has certain practical value for deepening the understanding of Marx’s theory of artistic production.