《颜氏家训》中“自”字词性探究

Research on the Part of Speech of “Zi” in The Yan’s Family Rule

摘要: “自”在汉语词汇系统中词性复杂，使用频率高。《颜氏家训》中“自”出现142次，充当代词、介词、副词、连词或与其他字组成复音词。其中，代词为主要用法，共59例，占比41.55%；其次为介词用法，共40例，占比28.17%；构成复音词共24例，占16.90%；副词用法共17例，占比11.97%；连词用法最少，仅两例，占比1.41%。将《颜氏家训》与《世说新语》中“自”字词性用法数据进行比较，可以发现“自”在魏晋南北朝中期至末期的发展脉络，为“自”的词尾化以及词性变化提供阶段化演变数据。

Abstract: The part of speech of “Zi” in Chinese vocabulary system is very complex, and the frequency of use is also high. This paper makes an exhaustive study of the character “Zi” in The Yan’s Family Rule. It is found that there are 142 cases of “Zi”, which can be used as pronouns, prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions and other words to form polyphonic words. Among them, pronoun usage was the most important usage, in 59 cases, accounting for 41.55%; followed by preposition usage, in 40 cases, accounting for 28.17%. There were 24 cases of “self”, accounting for 16.90%. There were 17 cases of adverb usage, accounting for 11.97%. The least was the use of conjunction, in only two cases, accounting for 1.41%. By comparing the data of word usage of “Zi” in The Yan’s Family Rule and Shi Shuo Xin Yu, we can find out the development of “Zi” from the middle to the end of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, providing a stage-oriented evolution data for Terminalization and word changes of “Zi”.