股骨干骨折的临床治疗进展

Progress in the Clinical Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures

摘要: 股骨干骨折是指股骨小转子以下至股骨髁上之间部分股骨的骨折，是临床上比较常见的骨折之一。股骨是腿部关键骨之一，医治不合理将造成腿部畸型及功能问题。当前，股骨干骨折的治疗方法可以分为非手术治疗和手术治疗两种，其中手术治疗方式主要是使用外固定架、接骨板和髓内钉等技术。股骨干骨折是一种严重的损伤，通常与高能量创伤机制有关，如车祸伤、重物砸伤及高处坠落伤等，这在受伤患者中很常见。其中，间接创伤机制可导致复杂的股骨干骨折，尤其是对于骨量较小的患者，如高处坠落时暴力因杠杆、扭转等作用导致的粉碎性股骨干骨折。因此，股骨干骨折的治疗方法通常由合并症、损伤和患者的医疗状况所决定。本文就现阶段儿童及成人股骨干骨折的治疗方法进展作一阐述。

Abstract: Femoral shaft fracture is a fracture of part of the femur between the microtrochanter of the femur and the supra-condyle of the femur. It is one of the more common clinical fractures. Femur is one of the key bones in the leg. Unreasonable treatment will cause leg deformity and functional problems. At present, the treatment methods of femoral shaft fracture can be divided into non-surgical treat-ment and surgical treatment, among which the surgical treatment mainly uses external fixator, bone plate and intramedullary nail. Femoral shaft fracture is a serious injury, usually associated with high-energy trauma mechanisms, such as crash injuries, heavy object smashing injuries, and high fall injuries, which are common in injured patients. Among them, indirect trauma mechanism can lead to complex femoral shaft fracture, especially for patients with small bone mass, such as comminuted femoral shaft fracture caused by leverage and torsion by violence when falling from height. Therefore, the treatment of femoral shaft fractures is usually determined by comorbidities, injuries and the medical condition of the patient. This paper describes the treatment methods of femoral shaft fractures in children and adults.