在RSVP范式中干扰物在知觉、辨别和反应阶段干扰目标加工
Distractors Interfere with Target Processing at Perceptual, Conceptual and Response Stage in RSVP Paradigm
摘要: 干扰物在RSVP范式中的作用机制尚未十分明确。本研究利用单目标RSVP范式操纵紧跟目标的干扰物的有无及与目标类别和反应的一致性进行探究。结果表明，紧跟目标的干扰物在知觉、辨别及反应阶段均影响目标识别。当前结果说明，目标引起的注意增强是缓慢的过程，这一特性导致目标引起的注意增强也增强了紧随其后的干扰物，诱发注意控制进行调节。
Abstract: The mechanism of distractors in the RSVP paradigm remains unclear. In this study, the sin-gle-target RSVP paradigm was used to manipulate the presence or absence of the distractor (D) that immediately follow the target and the congruency between the target and the distractor in category and response. The results show that distractors immediately following the target affect target recognition at the perception, category, and response stages. The current results suggest that target-evoked attention enhancement is a slow process, a property that causes target-evoked attention enhancement to also enhance closely following distractors, inducing attentional control for modulation.
文章引用：孟总 (2023). 在RSVP范式中干扰物在知觉、辨别和反应阶段干扰目标加工. 心理学进展, 13(4), 1398-1407. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2023.134166

参考文献

[1] 陈斌, 高闯, 王建中(2009). 视觉掩蔽研究现状及展望. 心理科学进展, 17(6), 1146-1155.
[2] 陈江涛, 唐丹丹, 刘聪丛, 陈安涛(2014). 注意瞬脱效应的个体差异. 心理科学进展, 22(10), 1564-1572.
[3] Akyürek, E. G., Hommel, B., & Jolicoeur, P. (2007). Direct Evidence for a Role of Working Memory in the Attentional Blink. Memory & Cognition, 35, 621-627.[CrossRef] 
[4] Alilovic, J., van Moorselaar, D., Graetz, M., van Gaal, S., & Slagter, H. A. (2021). Representational Dynamics Preceding Conscious Access. NeuroImage, 230, Article ID: 117789.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Arend, I., Johnston, S., & Shapiro, I. (2006). Task-Irrelevant Visual Motion and Flicker Attenuate the Attentional Blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 600-607.[CrossRef] 
[6] Braun, J. (1998). Vision and Attention: The Role of Training. Nature, 393, 424-425.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Broadbent, D. E., & Broadbent, M. H. (1987). From Detection to Identification: Response to Multiple Targets in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. Perception & Psychophysics, 42, 105-113.[CrossRef] 
[8] Ching, A. S. M., Kim, J., & Davis, C. (2021). Time Course of the Unmasked Attentional Blink. Psychophysiology, 58, e13686.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Chun, M. M. (1997). Temporal Binding Errors Are Redistributed by the Attentional Blink. Perception & Psychophysics, 59, 1191-1199.[CrossRef] 
[10] Chun, M. M., & Potter, M. C. (1995). A Two-Stage Model for Multiple Target Detection in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human perception and Performance, 21, 109.[CrossRef] 
[11] Coltheart, M. (1980). Iconic Memory and Visible Persistence. Perception & Psychophysics, 27, 183-228.[CrossRef] 
[12] Colzato, L. S., Spapé, M. M., Pannebakker, M. M., & Hommel, B. (2007). Working Memory and the Attentional Blink: Blink Size Is Predicted by Individual Differences in Operation Span. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 1051-1057.[CrossRef] 
[13] Dell’Acqua, R., Dux, P. E., Wyble, B., Doro, M., Sessa, P., Meconi, F., & Jolicour, P. (2015). The Attentional Blink Impairs Detection and Delays Encoding of Visual Information: Evidence from Human Electrophysiology. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27, 720-735.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Di Lollo, V., Kawahara, J. I., Ghorashi, S. S., & Enns, J. T. (2005). The Attentional Blink: Resource Depletion or Temporary Loss of Control? Psychological Research, 69, 191-200.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Dux, P. E., Asplund, C. L., & Marois, R. (2008). An Attentional Blink for Sequentially Presented Targets: Evidence in Favor of Resource Depletion Accounts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 809-813.[CrossRef] 
[16] Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical Power Analyses Using G* Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160.[CrossRef] 
[17] Isaak, M. I., Shapiro, K. L., & Martin, J. (1999). The Attentional Blink Reflects Retrieval Competition among Multiple Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Items: Tests of an Interference Model. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 25, 1774-1792.[CrossRef] 
[18] Kanwisher, N. G. (1987). Repetition Blindness: Type Recognition without Token Individuation. Cognition, 27, 117-143.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Keysers, C., Xiao, D. K., Földiák, P., & Perrett, D. I. (2001). The Speed of Sight. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 90-101.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Kranczioch, C., Debener, S., Maye, A., & Engel, A. K. (2007). Temporal Dynamics of Access to Consciousness in the Attentional Blink. Neuroimage, 37, 947-955.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Luck, S. J., Vogel, E. K., & Shapiro, K. L. (1996). Word Meanings Can Be Accessed but Not Reported during the Attentional Blink. Nature, 383, 616-618.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Lunau, R., & Olivers, C. N. L. (2010). The Attentional Blink and Lag 1 Sparing Are Nonspatial. Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 72, 317-325.[CrossRef] 
[23] Marois, R., Chun, M. M., & Gore, J. C. (2000). Neural Correlates of the Attentional Blink. Neuron, 28, 299-308.[CrossRef] 
[24] Marois, R., & Ivanoff, J. (2005). Capacity Limits of Information Processing in the Brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 296-305.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Martens, S., & Wyble, B. (2010). The Attentional Blink: Past, Present, and Future of a Blind Spot in Perceptual Awareness. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34, 947-957.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Martens, S., Munneke, J., Smid, H., & Johnson, A. (2006). Quick Minds Don’t Blink: Electrophysiological Correlates of Individual Differences in Attentional Selection. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1423-1438.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Mozer, M. C. (1989). Types and Tokens in Visual Letter Perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 15, 287.[CrossRef] 
[28] Nakayama, K., & Mackeben, M. (1989). Sustained and Transient Components of Focal Visual Attention. Vision Research, 29, 1631-1647.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Nieuwenstein, M. R., & Potter, M. C. (2006). Temporal Limits of Selection and Memory Encoding: A Comparison of Whole versus Partial Report in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. Psychological Science, 17, 471-475.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Olivers, C. N. L., & Meeter, M. (2008). A Boost and Bounce Theory of Temporal Attention. Psychological Review, 115, 836-863.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Olivers, C. N. L., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2005). The Beneficial Effect of Concurrent Task-Irrelevant Mental Activity on Temporal Attention. Psychological Science, 16, 265-269.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Olivers, C. N. L., Stigchel, S., & Hulleman, J. (2007). Spreading the Sparing: Against a Limited-Capacity Account of the Attentional Blink. Psychological Research, 71, 126-139.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Ouimet, C., & Jolicœur, P. (2007). Beyond Task 1 Difficulty: The Duration of T1 Encoding Modulates the Attentional Blink. Visual Cognition, 15, 290-304.[CrossRef] 
[34] Pincham, H. L., & Szűcs, D. (2012). Conscious Access Is Linked to Ongoing Brain State: Electrophysiological Evidence from the Attentional Blink. Cerebral Cortex, 22, 2346-2353.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Polich, J. (2007). Updating P300: An Integrative Theory of P3a and P3b. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118, 2128-2148.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Polich, J., & Criado, J. R. (2006). Neuropsychology and Neuropharmacology of P3a and P3b. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 60, 172-185.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Raymond, J. E., Shapiro, K. L., & Arnell, K. M. (1992). Temporary Suppression of Visual Processing in an RSVP Task: An Attentional Blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 849.[CrossRef] 
[38] Rolls, E. T., Tovée, M. J., & Panzeri, S. (1999). The Neurophysiology of Backward Visual Masking: Information Analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11, 300-311.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Seiffert, A. E., & Di Lollo, V. (1997). Low-Level Masking in the Attentional Blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1061-1073.[CrossRef] 
[40] Sergent, C., Baillet, S., & Dehaene, S. (2005). Timing of the Brain Events Underlying Access to Consciousness during the Attentional Blink. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1391-1400.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Taatgen, N. A., Juvina, I., Schipper, M., Borst, J. P., & Martens, S. (2009). Too Much Control Can Hurt: A Threaded Cognition Model of the Attentional Blink. Cognitive Psychology, 59, 1-29.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Tang, M. F., Ford, L., Arabzadeh, E., Enns, J. T., Visser, T. A. W., & Mattingley, J. B. (2020). Neural Dynamics of the Attentional Blink Revealed by Encoding Orientation Selectivity during Rapid Visual Presentation. Nature Communications, 11, 434.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Visser, T. A. W., Bischof, W. F., & Di Lollo, V. (1999). Atten-tional Switching in Spatial and Nonspatial Domains: Evidence from the Attentional Blink. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 458-469.[CrossRef] 
[44] Visser, T. A. W., Bischof, W. F., & Di Lollo, V. (2004). Rapid Serial Visual Distraction: Task-Irrelevant Items Can Produce an Attentional Blink. Perception & Psychophysics, 66, 1418-1432.[CrossRef] 
[45] Vogel, E. K., & Luck, S. J. (2002). Delayed Working Memory Consolidation during the Attentional Blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 739-743.[CrossRef] 
[46] Vogel, E. K., Luck, S. J., & Shapiro, K. L. (1998). Electrophysiological Evidence for a Postperceptual Locus of Suppression during the Attentional Blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1656.[CrossRef] 
[47] Wang, L., Chen, J., Yang, Z., Liu, C., Deng, Z., & Chen, A. (2016). Individual Differences in the Attentional Blink: Evidence from the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Non-Blinkers and Blinkers. Biological Psychology, 114, 33-38.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[48] Wyble, B., Nieuwenstein, M., & Bowman, H. (2009). The Attentional Blink Provides Episodic Distinctiveness: Sparing at a Cost. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 35, 787-807.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[49] Zhou, L., Zhen, Z., Liu, J., & Zhou, K. (2020). Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity Associated with Individual Differences in the Attentional Blink. Cerebral Cortex, 30, 6224-6237.[CrossRef] [PubMed]