基于关联理论分析双关语的幽默效果——以《吐槽大会》第五季为例

Analysis of Humorous Effects of Puns Based on Relevance Theory—Taking the “Roast” Season 5 as an Example

摘要: 双关语是日常交际中一种常见的语言现象，主要是指一种语言形式在不同语境之下会产生多种会话含义。说话者通常在带有特定的交际目的情况下使用双关语，而听话者则需要付出一定的认知努力以推理出与话语具有最佳关联的含义。这个过程会产生附加的话语效果，幽默效果就是其中一种。本文以《吐槽大会》第五季作为语料来源，收集节目中前四名选手段子中涉及双关语的文本，基于关联理论对其幽默效果进行分析。首先针对双关、关联理论进行文献综述。之后，依据Meri Giorgadze对双关语的分类方式统计所收集的段子中每种双关类型出现的频次(率)。最后，基于关联理论结合实例对每一种双关语所产生的幽默效果进行分析。经研究，词汇–语义双关在段子中引用最多(55.42%)，而结构–语义双关最少(13.25%)。

Abstract: Pun is a common language phenomenon in daily interpersonal communication, which mainly re-fers that a single linguistic form contains a variety of conversational meanings in different con-texts. Speakers tend to use puns driven by some specific communicative purpose, while listeners are required to pay enough cognitive effort to infer the meaning that is best associated with dis-course. That process usually produces additional conversational effects, and the humor effect is one of them. The paper is aimed to analyze humor effects in the context where pun is involved based on relevance theory. The stand-up comedy program, the “Roast” Season 5, is chosen as the data source, from which the top four stand-up comedians’ humorous routines involving pun are collected. Firstly, the literature reviews on pun and relevance theory. And then, according to the Meri Giorgadze’s classification of pun, quantitative analysis of occurrence frequency of each kind of pun in the data is conducted. Finally, humor effects involved in each kind of pun in the examples are analyzed based on the relevance theory. It is concluded that the lexical-semantic pun takes the largest proportion (55.42%) while the structural-semantic pun the least (13.25%).