大型溞在水质在线生物安全预警仪中的应用及研究

Study on Daphnia magna Applied to the Online Biosafety Early Warning Instrument of Water Quality

摘要: 本研究采用水质在线生物安全预警仪为测试仪器，其原理为通过机器视觉技术识别水生生物的行为而对水质进行持续监测，计算机根据大型溞各项行为参数建立的毒性值模型公式，高效快速地评价出受测水体的毒性大小。为了检验仪器测试结果的的精密度，以及比对不同仪器测试结果的差异，以大型溞为指示生物，以配制的标准水为测试水体，经过一系列测试，结果表明：1. 水质在线生物安全预警仪的精密度或稳定性性能良好，在可接受的范围内；2. 三台水质在线生物安全预警仪的测试结果，经过配对t检验验证，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。同时，本文以大型溞为指示生物，以常见的Cr6+重金属以及农业中常用的吡虫啉、溴氰菊酯两种农药为试验毒物，探讨不同毒物胁迫下，大型溞在水质在线生物安全预警仪中的运动行为学参数(游泳速度、运动幅度、运动范围)及存活率的变化规律。实验结果表明：1. 大型溞在受到毒害后，其运动行为及存活率会发生显著变化；2. 大型溞在同一毒物不同浓度胁迫下，游泳速度、运动幅度和运动范围及存活率的响应时间不同，浓度越大，响应时间越早，但行为的变化趋势相似。

Abstract: In this study, the water quality online biological early warning instrument was used as the testing instrument, whose principle is to use machine vision technology to identify the behavior of aquatic organisms, and according to the model formula of toxicity value established by the behavior pa-rameters of Daphnia magna, the toxicity of the tested water was evaluated efficiently and quickly by computer to continuously monitor water quality. In order to check the precision of the test results of the instrument, and compare the differences between the test results of different instruments, taking Daphnia magna as the indicator organism and standard water as the test water, the results show that: 1. The precision or stability of the water quality online biosafety early warning instrument is good and within the acceptable range. 2. The test results of three online water quality biosafety early warning instruments, verified by paired t-test, showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Next, this paper describes a laboratory experiment investigating the behaviors (swimming speed, motion elevation, motion rang) and the survival rate of Daphnia magna, that is the biological indicator when being exposed to three toxicant substances: they are heavy metal cation Cr(VI) and two commonly used pesticides (lmidacloprid, deltamethyrin). The experimental results show: 1. The movement behavior and survival rate of Daphnia magna were significantly changed after being poisoned; 2. The response time of swimming speed, motion elevation, motion rang and survival rate of Daphnia magna were different under the stress of the same toxin concentration, the higher the earlier the response time, but the change trend of behavior was similar.