间充质干细胞及其衍生物治疗压疮的相关研究进展

Research Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derivatives in the Treatment of Pressure Ulcer

摘要: 压疮是指由骨隆起部位持续受压引起的缺血性损伤，目前尚缺乏有效的治疗压疮的手段，而且经常复发，对患者的精神和身体构成严重威胁。持续性的缺血缺氧环境和缺血再灌注损伤被认为是压疮形成的主要原因。因此，促进恢复压疮皮肤血管再生，抑制炎症产生以及调节和恢复正常的细胞行为是治疗压疮的核心。近年来，间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)在治疗慢性创面愈合方面有极大的潜力，其疗效多归因于其外分泌功能。据报道，MSCs及其衍生物能通过调节细胞行为参与炎症反应、血管生成、再上皮化和胶原重塑等阶段。本文我们归纳了目前针对MSC及其衍生物治疗压疮的一系列研究，总结了其可能存在的机制和治疗潜力。此外，我们还总结了组织工程与干细胞治疗结合压疮等慢性伤口的最新进展。这一综述可能为后续MSCs及其衍生物治疗压疮的基础和临床研究提供有意义的指导。

Abstract: Pressure ulcers are ischemic injuries caused by continuous pressure on the bone ridges. Currently, there is no effective treatment for pressure ulcers, and they often recur, posing a serious mental and physical threat to patients. Persistent ischemia-hypoxia environment and ischemia-reperfusion injury are considered to be the main causes of pressure ulcers. Therefore, promoting the recovery of pressure ulcer skin angiogenesis, inhibiting inflammation and regulating and restoring normal cell behavior is the core of the treatment of pressure ulcer. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great potential in treating chronic wound healing, and its efficacy is mainly at-tributed to their exocrine function. MSCs and their derivatives have been reported to be involved in inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, reepithelialization, and collagen remodeling by regulating cellular behavior. In this paper, we summarize a series of studies on the treatment of pressure ul-cers by MSC and its derivatives, and summarize their possible mechanisms and therapeutic poten-tial. In addition, we summarize the recent advances in the combination of tissue engineering and stem cell therapy for chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers. This review may provide meaningful guidance for subsequent basic and clinical studies on the treatment of pressure ulcers by MSCs and their derivatives.