妊娠期糖尿病危险因素及相关妊娠结局分析

Analysis of Risk Factors and Related Pregnancy Outcomes of Diabetes in Pregnancy

摘要: 目的：探究孕妇GDM的发病现状、危险因素及相关不良妊娠结局，为采取有效措施、预防和控制GDM的发生和发展提供科学依据。方法：选取2021年7月至2022年1月期间在青岛大学附属医院产科门诊产检并住院分娩的1496名孕妇作为研究对象，收集其年龄、孕次、产次、体重、口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验结果等资料，使用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析，调查GDM的发病率及其危险因素。结果：1496名孕妇中有287名发生GDM，发病率为19.2%。单因素分析结果显示，孕前BMI、孕期体重增加值、分娩方式、孕妇的文化程度与职业是GDM发生的危险因素，差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，剖宫产、孕前BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2是发生GDM的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)，而文化程度为研究生及以上、常住地为城市是发生GDM的保护性因素(P < 0.05)。结论：GDM的发生与孕前肥胖、孕妇的文化程度、居住地等因素有关，孕前及围产期应做好科普宣传工作。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the incidence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of GDM in preg-nant women, and provide scientific basis for taking effective measures to prevent and control the occurrence and development of GDM. Methods: 1496 pregnant women who delivered in the obstet-ric clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from July 2021 to January 2022 were se-lected as the study subjects. Their age, pregnancy times, birth times, weight, oral 75 g glucose tol-erance test results and other data were collected. SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis to investi-gate the incidence rate and risk factors of GDM. Results: 287 of 1496 pregnant women developed GDM, with an incidence rate of 19.2%. The results of univariate analysis showed that BMI before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, delivery mode, education level and occupation of preg-nant women were risk factors for GDM, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 before cesarean section and pregnancy was an independent risk factor for GDM (P < 0.05), while education level of graduate students or above and permanent residence in cities were protective factors for GDM (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The occurrence of GDM is related to factors such as obesity before pregnancy, educa-tion level of pregnant women, residence and so on. Popular science propaganda should be done well before pregnancy and perinatal period.