苏格拉底与马克思关于智慧问题思考的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Socrates and Marx on the Question of Wisdom

摘要: 苏格拉底在体现智慧本身的卓越对话中，展示了在普遍原理基础上理解具体情形的能力。从苏格拉底对普遍与特殊关系的理解上，马克思通过对理论与实践的关系的分析，丰富了普遍性与特殊性的关系。马克思不仅避免了苏格拉底将特殊性普遍化和智慧知识化的缺点，而且为科学地理解理论和实践及其关系开辟了道路，使理论成为实践的观念的组成部分，成为对当代实践的自我批判性认识，从而突出了智慧问题的深层含义。

Abstract: Socrates, in a remarkable dialogue that embodies wisdom itself, demonstrated his ability to un-derstand specific situations based on universal principles. From Socrates’ understanding of the relationship between universality and particularity, Marx has enriched the relationship between universality and particularity through the analysis of the relationship between theory and prac-tice. Marx not only avoided the shortcomings of Socrates’ generalization of particularity and wis-dom, but also opened up a way for a scientific understanding of theory and practice and their relationship, making theory become an integral part of practical ideas and a self-critical understanding of contemporary practice, thus highlighting the deep meaning of the question of wisdom.