梯级水库防洪调度与溃坝洪水的耦合研究

Coupling Study of Flood Control Operation and Dam-Break Flood of Cascade Reservoirs

摘要: 针对现有研究未考虑水库群超标洪水应急处置与溃坝洪水模拟的关联性问题，本文提出了水库群防洪应急调度–溃坝洪水计算耦合模型。该模型以水库群防洪应急调度模型为基础，一旦发生溃坝，快速调用基于实际来水过程与大坝特征参数的溃口洪水与洪水河道演进计算模块，解决了当流域发生溃坝事故调度过程难以接续的问题，实现了对流域水库群在遭遇溃坝洪水情况下的全过程、精确化调度模拟。并以泉河流域五座梯级水库为例，输入不同量级的两次洪水过程，采用本文所建立的耦合模型进行水库群应急调度计算。结果表明，所建立的模型能够有效地实现对洪水的削峰错峰，降低流域梯级水库的防洪风险。研究结果可为各流域水库群溃坝洪水的应急处置方案的快速制定提供科学依据。

Abstract: The existing research has not considered the correlation between reservoirs emergency disposal of exceeding standard flood and dam-break flow simulation. Therefore, the coupling model of flood control emergency operation with dam-break flow calculation for reservoir group is proposed. The established model is based on the reservoir flood control emergency operation model. In case of dam break, it can quickly call the calculation model of breach flow and flood evolution process based on actual inflow process and dam characteristic parameters. The coupling model solves the problem that the operation process is difficult to continue when dam break occurs in the basin, and realizes the whole-processed and accurate operation simulation when the reservoir group encounters exceeding standard flood. The established coupling model was applied at five cascade reservoirs in the Quanhe River basin, and two flood processes with different frequencies were used as the inputs. The results indicated that the established model can effectively reduce the flood peak and the flood risk. The research results can provide scientific basis for the rapid formulation of emergency response plan for dam-break flood as well.