基于跌落碰撞试验的草莓冲击损伤特性分析

Impact Damage Characteristics of Strawberry Based on Drop Impact Test

摘要: 针对草莓在采摘及加工过程受碰撞作用易产生冲击损伤而导致不合格品的问题，本文以跌落高度和接触材料为试验因素，以草莓跌落碰撞条件下的冲击能损耗值、损伤体积作为果实冲击损伤的评价指标，采用跌落碰撞试验和高速摄像方法，记录草莓跌落碰撞过程的运动信息，计算碰撞冲击能损耗值、损伤体积，研究采摘及加工中的碰撞因素对草莓冲击损伤特性的影响。研究结果表明：跌落高度、接触材料与冲击能损耗值及损伤之间呈显著相关；接触材料对冲击能损耗及损伤影响程度最大，跌落高度对其影响程度次之；接触材料缓冲性能增加时，冲击能损耗值及损伤显著减小，呈负相关，而跌落高度增加，呈正相关。本研究为草莓采摘及加工装备的防损、减损设计提供指导。

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that strawberries are prone to impact damage caused by collision in the process of picking and processing, this paper takes the fall height and contact material as test fac-tors, the impact energy loss value and damage volume under the condition of strawberry fall colli-sion as the evaluation index of fruit impact damage, and adopts the drop collision test and high-speed camera method. The motion information of strawberry falling and impact process was recorded, the impact energy loss value and damage volume were calculated, and the influence of impact factors on the impact damage characteristics of strawberry during picking and processing was studied. The results show that there is a significant correlation between drop height, contact material and impact energy loss and damage. The impact energy loss and damage degree of contact material is the largest, followed by falling height. When the buffering properties of contact materi-als increase, the impact energy loss and damage decrease significantly, showing a negative correla-tion, while the drop height increases, showing a positive correlation. This study provides guidance for the design of strawberry picking and processing equipment.