基于KAP理论的大学生饮水健康现况调查及其影响因素分析

Investigation on the Status of Drinking Water Health and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors among College Students Based on KAP Theory

摘要: 目的：探讨基于知信行(KAP)理论的大学生饮水健康现况及其影响因素，为开展饮水健康教育提供科学资料和思路。方法：采用自编问卷调查收集有效问卷698份，利用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析，通过AMOS 24.0软件构造结构方程模型以验证大学生饮水健康KAP理论模式关系。结果：大学生饮水健康知信行情况：知识掌握较差(合格率44.6%)、信念情况较好(合格率96.3%)、行为践行度一般(合格率64.0%)。大学生饮水健康KAP受性别、年龄、流汗体质、口味类型影响，同时与其容器清洗频率、直接饮水量和饮水类型密切相关。饮水健康KAP理论模式成立，其中知识和信念直接影响行为形成(β = 0.402、β = 0.178)，知识对信念产生直接影响效应(β = 0.099)，信念也对行为产生间接影响效应(β = 0.018)。结论：应根据不同类型人群开展适宜的饮水健康教育以增强大学生饮水健康知识掌握，同时促进大学生饮水健康行为的现实转换。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the current situation and influencing factors of drinking water health of college students based on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) theory, and to provide scientific data and ideas for carrying out drinking water health education. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect 698 valid questionnaires. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and AMOS 24.0 software was used to construct structural equation model to verify the relationship between KAP theory model of drinking water health of college students. Results: College students’ knowledge, attitude and practice of drinking water health: poor knowledge (qualified rate of 44.6%), good attitude (qualified rate of 96.3%), practice degree of average (qualified rate of 64.0%). College students drinking water health KAP are affected by gender, age, sweat constitution, the taste type, and is closely related to the frequency of container cleaning, direct drinking water volume and type of drinking water. The KAP theory model of drinking water health was established, in which knowledge and attitude directly affected behavior formation (β = 0.402, β = 0.178), knowledge had direct effect on attitude (β = 0.099), and attitude had indirect effect on behavior (β = 0.018). Conclusion: Appropriate drinking water health education should be carried out according to different types of people to enhance the knowledge of drinking water health of college students, and promote the realistic transformation of college students' drinking water health behavior.