特发性震颤非运动症状的研究进展

Progress in the Study of Non-Motor Symptoms of Essential Tremor

摘要: 特发性震颤是以动作性震颤为主要表现的运动障碍性疾病，包括运动症状和非运动症状。特发性震颤通常是家族性的，具有典型的常染色体显性模式，并且在65岁以上的老年人群中最常见。近年来，关于特发性震颤的研究越来越多地表明，其非运动症状是运动症状的伴随特征，甚至是早于运动症状的原发疾病症状，随着疾病进展逐渐加重，并对患者生活质量造成不良影响。非运动症状主要包括认知障碍、精神障碍、睡眠障碍和感觉障碍(如听力、嗅觉异常)等，正确认识特发性震颤非运动症状的机制、临床特点及诊治有助于指导患者改变生活方式从而提高患者生活质量。本文就特发性震颤非运动症状的临床表现、病理生理及研究进展等方面作一综述。

Abstract: Essential tremor, including both motor and non-motor symptoms, is a movement disorder with ki-netic tremor as the main manifestation. ET is usually familial with a typical autosomal dominant pattern, and it is mostly seen in the elderly population over 65 years of age. In recent years, studies on essential tremor have increasingly shown that its non-motor symptoms are concomitant with or even preceding the motor symptoms of primary diseases. Non-motor symptoms can progressively become more severe as the disease progresses and adversely affect the patient’s quality of life. Non-motor symptoms mainly include cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, sleep disorders and sensory disorders (e.g. hearing and smell abnormalities). Proper understanding of the mecha-nisms, clinical features and treatment of non-motor symptoms of essential tremor can help profes-sionals guide patients to change their lifestyles to improve their quality of life. This article reviews the clinical symptoms, pathophysiology, and research progress of non-motor symptoms of essential tremor.