非药物干预措施预防阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

Research Progress on Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease

摘要: 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease, AD)是一种常见的失智形式，其生理学定义为β淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid protein, Aβ)的聚集和含Tau的神经原纤维缠结。导致典型表现形式是遗忘型认知功能损害和不太常见变体的非遗忘认知功能损害。研究人员发现了许多有效的非药物治疗(non-pharmacologic treatments, NPT)的手段，并且流行病学研究已经确定了许多有希望的非药物干预的方法，不仅有可以降低发生失智症的风险，还可以在已经患有失智症的情况下起到作用。对失智患者的非药物干预旨在改善生活质量和福祉，在药物治疗的领域尚无令人满意的措施下，这些方法也变得越来越重要。本文介绍了远离孤独，芳香疗法，动物辅助，针灸，多感官刺激对AD的影响，这些方法在行为认知功能情绪等方面对AD有一定的影响，还可以促进沟通技巧和社会参与。这些非药物干预措施对于提高AD病患者和高风险人群的生活质量和认知功能有一定的帮助，但仍需要更多的临床试验和长期随访来确定其安全性和有效性。

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a common form of dementia, is physiologically defined by the accumulation of β-amyloid and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. It typically manifests as amnestic cognitive impairment and less common variants of non-amnestic cognitive impairment. Researchers have found many effective non-pharmacological treatments (NPT), and epidemiological studies have identified many promising NPT that can not only reduce the risk of developing dementia, but also improve the effect of dementia in those who already have it. NPT aimed at improving the quality of life and well-being of people with dementia are becoming increasingly important in the absence of satisfactory measures in the field of pharmacological treatment. This article introduces the effects of keeping away from loneliness, aromatherapy, animal assistance, acupuncture, and multi-sensory stimulation on advertising. These methods have certain effects on advertising in terms of behavior, cognitive function, emotion, etc., and can also promote communication skills and social participation. These NPT are helpful to improve the quality of life and cognitive function of patients with AD and high-risk populations, but more clinical trials and long-term follow-up are still needed to determine their safety and efficacy.