贵阳地区“2022.1.4”冬季极端冰雹天气诊断分析

Diagnostic Analysis of Extreme Hail Weather in Winter in Guiyang Region on Jan. 4th 2022

摘要: 文章利用常规气象资料、贵阳机场例行天气报告、自动观测系统等资料对贵阳地区2022年1月4日冬季极端冰雹天气过程进行诊断分析，得到以下结论：高空槽、低层切变线和云贵静止锋是造成此次冰雹天气过程的主要影响系统；高低空急流的耦合作用促进上升运动的发展以及水汽和能量汇聚，高湿高能的不稳定大气环境，形成强对流天气潜势区；上干下湿探空结构、适宜的0˚C层高度和−20˚C高度层，以及强的垂直风切变，是产生冰雹天气的决定因素。

Abstract: Using the general meteorological data, routine weather report, special weather report and automatic observation system data of Guiyang airport, etc., the article analyzes a extreme hail weather in Winter of Guiyang region on Jan. 4th, 2022. The result shows that the high trough, the low shear line and the Yun-gui front are the main systems to cause this hail weather. The coupling effect of high level jet and low level jet promotes the development of ascending motion and the convergence of Water vapor and energy. With the unstable atmospheric environment of high humidity and high energy, it formats the severe convective weather potential area; The sounding structure of upper dry and lower wet, the appropriate 0˚C height and −20˚C height, and the strong vertical wind shear, are the decisive factors of causing the hail weather.