动产浮动抵押之债权人风险防控问题研究

Research on Creditor’s Risk Prevention and Control of Movable Property Floating Charge

摘要: 动产浮动抵押属于担保制度的一种，但是其不仅仅具有担保物权的功能，它也具备高效率融资的功能。动产浮动抵押制度于2007年引入我国的法律体系，是我国对国外相关法律制度的借鉴。2021年1月1日施行的《民法典》将动产浮动抵押列入第396条。但是，我国《民法典》目前仅针对动产浮动抵押制度进行了形式上的规定，而对于债权人在抵押过程中所面临的风险并未列出保护措施，使得债权人在选择动产浮动抵押的方式设立抵押权时更加犹豫。也不利于《民法典》设立动产浮动抵押目的的实施。本文意图从立法角度等方面对债权人的权益保护进行分析，尝试提出些许改进方案，促进动产浮动抵押制度更加完善并发挥其价值。

Abstract: Movable property floating mortgage is a kind of guarantee system, but it not only has the function of guaranteeing real right, but also has the function of efficient financing. The movable property floating mortgage system was introduced into China’s legal system in 2007, which is a reference for China to relevant foreign legal systems. The Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021, listed the chattel floating mortgage in Article 396. However, at present, China’s Civil Code only provides for the floating mortgage system of mova-ble property in form, but does not list the protection measures for the risks faced by creditors in the mortgage process, which makes creditors more hesitant when choosing the floating mortgage of movable property to set up mortgages. It is also not conducive to the implementation of the purpose of establishing floating mortgage of movable property in the Civil Code. This paper intends to ana-lyze the protection of creditors’ rights and interests from the perspective of legislation, and tries to put forward some improvement schemes to promote the system of movable property floating charge to be more perfect and play its value.