大数据时代个人信息滥用的刑法规制

The Criminal Law of Personal Information Misuse in the Era of Big Data

摘要: 针对近年来侵犯个人信息案件频发的现象，我国制定了各类个人信息保护的法律法规，在公法和私法领域形成了一套个人信息保护模式。然而，刑法领域的个人信息保护仍存在许多漏洞，一则，非法转移的传统侵犯个人信息犯罪没有得到有效的遏制；二则，当下刑法忽视了“使用型”侵犯个人信息行为，在个人信息核心权能由转移演化成使用的社会现实下，更无力抵挡个人信息滥用的趋势。一方面，应遵循刑法谦抑性原则，减少对合理利用个人信息行为的干涉；另一方面，在信息化时代，个人信息安全将迎来更大的威胁，在前置法对滥用个人信息行为无法起到很好的遏制、惩罚作时，刑法作为“最后一道防线”，应该设置相应的措施来对此类行为进行规制。

Abstract: In response to the frequent occurrence of personal information infringement cases in recent years, China has estab-lished various laws and regulations on personal information protection and formed a set of personal information protection model in the field of public and private law. However, the protection of per-sonal information in the field of criminal law remains a lot of loopholes, for one, the traditional crime of illegal transfer of personal information has not been effectively curbed; for another, the current criminal law ignores the “use-based” infringement of personal information, and under the social reality that the core rights of personal information have evolved from transfer to use, it is even more powerless to resist the trend of misuse of personal information. Therefore, the criminal law, as the “last line of defense”, should set up appropriate measures to regulate the misuse of per-sonal information when the previous law is unable to curb and punish the misuse of personal in-formation. The criminal law, as the “last line of defense”, should set up appropriate measures to regulate such behaviors.