腹水细胞学检查对卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断价值的探讨

The Value of Ascites Cytology in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Malignant Tumors

摘要: 卵巢癌是导致女性死亡的首位妇科肿瘤，因缺乏早期症状，多数卵巢癌在诊断时即为晚期，提高卵巢癌的早期诊断率对改善患者的生存预后具有重要意义。腹水是卵巢癌患者的常见合并症，超过1/3的患者在诊断时出现腹水，且多数复发患者伴有恶性腹水的产生。卵巢癌腹水中成分复杂，构成了独特的肿瘤微环境，通过促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移、抗凋亡等生物学行为，最终促进疾病进展并影响临床预后。近十年来，腹水成分的特征及其在卵巢癌进展及预后中的作用越来越受到重视。本文将就腹水各类细胞学标志物的异常变化与卵巢恶性肿瘤组织学类型的相关性及对进展、耐药、预后的影响等方面进行综述，探讨腹水细胞学检查在卵巢恶性肿瘤中的诊断价值。

Abstract: Ovarian cancer is the first gynecological tumor that causes death in women. Due to the lack of early symptoms, most ovarian cancers are advanced at the time of diagnosis. Improving the early diagno-sis rate of ovarian cancer is of great significance for improving the survival and prognosis of pa-tients. Ascites is a common complication in patients with ovarian cancer. More than 1/3 of the pa-tients develop ascites at the time of diagnosis, and most recurrent patients are accompanied by ma-lignant ascites. The complex components in ovarian cancer ascites constitute a unique tumor mi-croenvironment, which ultimately promotes disease progression and affects clinical prognosis by promoting biological behaviors such as proliferation, invasion, migration, and anti apoptosis of tu-mor cells. In the past decade, the characteristics of ascites components and their role in the pro-gression and prognosis of ovarian cancer have received increasing attention. This article will review the correlation between abnormal changes in various cytological markers in ascites and histological types of ovarian malignant tumors, as well as their impact on progression, drug resistance, and prognosis, and explore the diagnostic value of ascites cytology in ovarian malignant tumors.