民法典自甘风险规则法律适用探究

Study on the Legal Application of Assumption of Risk Rule in Civil Law

摘要: 《民法典》根据我国社会关系发展的现实情况明确规定了自甘风险规则。作为一种侵权责任的免责事由，在国外存在时间已经很长，在国外的侵权责任相关法律体系中起到重要的作用，我国将自甘风险规则加入民法体系中不仅是出于完善对国外优秀法治的衔接，也是为了进一步提高侵权责任纠纷案件的司法效率。在我国司法实践中，自甘风险的理念早已在体育运动等领域开始了适用，法官根据法律的相关原则和指导判例，结合具体案情来裁判，但是由于对自甘风险规则缺乏明确统一的界定，存在着裁判上的差别问题，裁判的结果和逻辑存在参差，且与侵权责任法律中早已规定的受害人同意、过失相抵原则、公平责任原则等相混淆。所以在民法典作出规定后积极的探讨法律适用的理论和实践问题价值凸显。

Abstract: The Civil Law clearly provides Assumption of Risk rules according to the reality of the development of social relations in our country. As a kind of tort liability cause, it has been around for a long time in foreign countries and plays an important role in foreign tort lia-bility related legal systems. Our country adds Assumption of Risk rules to civil law system not only to improve the connection with the excellent rule of law of foreign countries, but also to further im-prove the judicial efficiency of tort liability dispute cases. In our judicial practice, the concept of self-risk has already been applied in sports and other fields. Judges judge based on relevant princi-ples of law and guiding precedents, combining specific cases, but due to the lack of a clear and uni-fied definition of self-risk rules, there are differences in judgment, and the result and logic of judg-ment are inconsistent. Moreover, it is confused with the consent of the victim, the principle of fault offset and the principle of equitable liability already stipulated in tort liability law. Therefore, it is made great value to explore the theory and practice of law application actively after the provisions of the Civil Law.