遗失物的“善意取得”问题研究

Research on “Bona Fide Acquisition” of Lost Property

摘要: 对于《民法典》312条的解释，关键在于界定遗失物是否能够适用善意取得制度及回复期间内遗失物所有权的归属。通过驳斥遗失物不能善意取得的观点，论证对该条文的解释应朝遗失物可以善意取得的路径探究。在遗失物可以善意取得的前提下，关于回复期间内遗失物所有权的归属学界存在原权利人归属说、善意受让人归属说及折中说。回复期间内遗失物所有权归属于善意受让人，原权利人所享有的回复请求权为法律创设的债权请求权，两年的回复期间性质上为除斥期间。

Abstract: The key to the interpretation of article 312 of the Civil Code is to define whether the bona fide acquisi-tion system can be applied to the lost property and the ownership of the lost property during the recovery period. By refuting the view that the lost property cannot be acquired in good faith, this paper argues that the interpretation of this article should be based on the path that the lost prop-erty can be acquired in good faith. On the premise that the lost property can be acquired in good faith, there are three theories about the ownership of the lost property in the recovery period: the ownership of the original obligee, the ownership of the bona fide assignee and the compromise the-ory. This paper holds that the ownership of the lost property belongs to the bona fide assignee dur-ing the recovery period. The original obligee’s right of recovery is the right of claim created by law, and the two-year recovery period is the period of exclusion in nature.