萨特人学思想的前提探析

An Analysis of the Preconditions of Sartre’s Humanistic Thought

摘要: 作为存在主义马克思主义的代表人物，萨特试图通过建构自己的人论逻辑来实现对马克思的“人的本质理论”的超越。但是，通过对马克思与萨特人学思想的比较研究，不难发现，萨特虽然在其思想发展后期表现出了接近马克思主义倾向，并且企图用存在主义来弥补马克思主义的“人学空场”，但是，由于这一思想是在对人的存在的主观化理解基础上建构的，所以，并未真正实现对马克思哲学的超越。同马克思“人的本质理论”所理解的人不同，萨特认为人的存在是孤立的、虚无的存在，带有强烈的主观性色彩，而非现实的、社会的存在。

Abstract: As a representative figure of existential Marxism, Sartre attempted to transcend Marx’s “theory of human essence” by constructing his own humanistic logic. However, through a comparative study of Marx’s and Sartre’s humanistic thoughts, it is not difficult to find that although Sartre showed a tendency towards approaching Marxism in the later stages of his ideological development and attempted to use existentialism to compensate for the “human learning gap” of Marxism, this thought did not truly surpass Marxist philosophy because it was constructed on the basis of a subjective understanding of human existence. Unlike Marx’s “theory of human essence”, Sartre believed that human existence is an isolated and nihilistic existence with a strong subjective color, rather than a real and social existence.