论马克思对蒲鲁东机器观的三重批判——基于《哲学的贫困》的研究

On Marx’s Triple Criticism of Proudon’s Machine View—An Investigation Based on “The Poverty of Philosophy”

摘要: 在《哲学的贫困》中，马克思完成对蒲鲁东经济学方法论的总体批判后，在“分工与机器”一节中开始正式对蒲鲁东经济矛盾的体系进行具体批判，本文以马克思对蒲鲁东机器观的批判为主线，揭示蒲鲁东在机器观上的显著错误及其建立在政治经济学上的唯心史观，另外，正由于马克思对蒲鲁东分工和机器理论的批判，使其理论研究的视线直接聚焦到了物质生产领域，深入拓展了以生产力为线索的历史唯物主义。

Abstract: In “The Poverty of Philosophy”, after Marx completed the overall criticism of Prudong’s economic methodology, he began to formally criticize the system of Prudong’s economic contradictions in the section of “division of labor and machinery”. This paper, taking Marx’s criticism of Prudong’s machine view as the main line, reveals Prudong’s significant mistakes in machine view and his idealistic historical view based on political economics. In addition, because of Marx’s criticism of Prudong’s division of labor and machine theory, his theoretical research directly focused on the field of material production, and further expanded the historical materialism with the clue of productivity.