焦虑对新兵集体效能感的影响：部队凝聚力的中介作用

The Effect of Anxiety on the Collective Efficacy of Recruits in Intensive Training: The Mediating Role of Force Cohesion

摘要: 目的：探索焦虑与新兵集体效能感之间的关系，同时考察部队凝聚力的中介作用，探索使用合理科学的方法手段，有效提高部队凝聚力水平。方法：采用整群抽样法对西北地区某部370名新兵进行问卷测查，使用的问卷有焦虑自评量表、陆军部队凝聚力量表、中国军人集体效能量表等。使用SPSS24.0对测查数据进行描述性统计分析、共同方法偏差检验和Bootstrap中介效应检验等。结果：1) 新兵焦虑状态检出率为14.2%；2) 焦虑与集体效能感呈显著负相关(r = −0.284, P < 0.01)；与部队凝聚力呈显著负相关(r = −0.198, P < 0.01)；3) 部队凝聚力在焦虑和新兵集体效能感之间起部分中介作用，中介效应比例为34.21%，95%置信区间为(−0.276, −0.074)。结论：新兵的焦虑水平可直接影响其集体效能感，也可通过部队凝聚力间接影响集体效能感。通过合理有效的心理辅导干预，降低焦虑水平，可以有助于提高集体效能感，也可通过加强部队凝聚力来间接实现。

Abstract: Objective: The relationship between anxiety and the collective efficacy of recruits in intensive training was explored, and the mediating role of troop cohesion was investigated, and the level of troop cohesion was effectively improved through reasonable and scientific methods. Methods: The whole group sampling method was used to measure 370 recruits of a department in the northwest region using questionnaires such as the Anxiety Self-Rating Scale, the Army Force Cohesion Scale, and the Chinese Soldiers’ Collective Efficacy Scale. SPSS24.0 was used to perform descriptive statistical analysis, common method bias test and Bootstrap mediation effect test. Results: 1) The detection rate of recruit anxiety was 14.2%; 2) Anxiety was significantly negatively correlated with collective efficacy (r = −0.284, P < 0.01); It was significantly negatively correlated with troop cohesion (r = −0.198, P < 0.01). 3) Force cohesion played a partial mediating role between anxiety and the collective efficacy of recruits in training, with a mediating effect ratio of 34.21% and a 95% confidence interval of (−0.276, −0.074). Conclusion: The anxiety level of recruits can directly affect their collective efficacy, and can also indirectly affect their collective efficacy through unit cohesion. Reducing anxiety levels through reasonable and effective psychological counseling interventions can help improve collective efficacy and can also be achieved indirectly by strengthening force cohesion.