以太范式的演进历程与范式不可通约的相对性

The Evolution of Etheric Paradigm and the Relativity of Paradigm Incommensurability

摘要: 范式理论是哲学家库恩的重要理论，范式不可通约性是库恩范式理论的重要环节。科学革命中存在着从旧的范式到新范式的转换过程，科学发展的机制与新旧范式的更替亦密不可分。在范式更替过程中，各种新旧范式的碰撞促进了科学的演进。在近代物理学史中，各种旧的以太范式的失败为新范式的完善提供了经验和教训。文章梳理了科学革命发展过程中的以太范式演进的历史，通过具体的实例来说明以太范式革命与范式之间不可通约性理论的联系，得出了范式不可通约性在以太范式转换过程中并非绝对，而是具有相对特征的结论，并以此为范式革命相关科学史问题的研究提供一定的借鉴。

Abstract: Paradigm theory is an important theory of philosopher Kuhn, and the incommensurability of paradigm is an important link in Kuhn’s paradigm theory. In the scientific revolution, there is a transformation process from the old paradigm to the new paradigm, and the mechanism of scientific development is inseparable from the replacement of the new paradigm. In the process of paradigm replacement, the collision of old and new paradigms promoted the evolution of science. In the history of modern physics, the failure of old aetheric paradigms provided experience and lessons for the perfection of new paradigms. The article combs the history of the etheric paradigm evolution in the development of scientific revolution, through specific examples to illustrate the relation between etheric paradigm and the theory of paradigm incommensurability. It is concluded that paradigm incommensurability is not absolute, but has the character of relativity in the etheric paradigm shift. It tries to provide some reference for the study of the history of science related to paradigm revolution.