无人机在高山草甸植被破坏的研究——以某高山草甸为例

Drone Research on Vegetation Destruction in Alpine Meadows—Taking an Alpine Meadow as an Example

摘要: 随着人类活动对山地自然生态环境影响的加剧，山地植被正经历着前所未有的破坏，许多山地生态系统服务功能不断衰减，为实现山地生态系统的可持续发展，需要及时开展山地植被保护与修复。在此背景下，高山草甸作为典型的山地植被类型，其植被结构复杂、物种多样性高、稳定性强、生态功能重要，在生态修复中具有较高的研究价值。然而，受多种因素的影响，高山草甸面临着生境破碎化、退化等诸多问题。因此，本研究选取高山草甸作为研究对象，采用无人机航拍技术对其植被破坏情况进行实时监测与评估。同时通过实地调查、野外采样等方式获得草地植被破坏状况，并分析其影响因素。研究表明造成草甸退化可能的原因主要为自然环境影响、景区游客踩踏、村民过度放牧。本文针对某高山草甸草地退化的具体情况，采用近自然修复(封育、禁牧等)和人工促进修复(松耙、补播适宜的优良草种、施肥、鼠害监控和防治等)相结合的方式进行草地退化修复方案，提出应对和改良措施建议意见。研究结果可为高山草甸的保护和修复提供科学依据。

Abstract: With the intensified impact of human activities on the natural ecological environment of mountains, mountain vegetation is experiencing unprecedented damage and many mountain ecosystem service functions are decaying, in order to realize the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems, timely conservation and restoration of mountain vegetation is needed. In this context, alpine meadows, as a typical mountain vegetation type with complex vegetation structure, high species diversity, high stability and important ecological functions, have high research value in ecological restoration. However, influenced by many factors, alpine meadows face many problems such as habitat fragmentation and degradation. Therefore, in this study, alpine meadows were selected as the research object and their vegetation destruction was monitored and evaluated in real time by using unmanned aerial photography technology. At the same time, field surveys and field sampling were used to obtain the status of meadow vegetation destruc-tion and analyze its influencing factors. The study shows that the main causes of meadow degradation are natural environmental impact, trampling by tourists in scenic spots, crushing by wind power construction vehicles and grazing by villagers. In this paper, we adopt the combination of near-natural restoration (sealing, grazing ban, etc.) and artificial promotion restoration (pine harrowing, replanting suitable good grass seeds, fertilization, rodent monitoring and control, etc.) to carry out the meadow degradation restoration program in response to the specific situation of meadow degradation in an alpine meadow. Suggestions for response and improvement measures are proposed. The research results can provide scientific basis for the conservation and restoration of alpine meadows.