错误汇款之三角关系不当得利

Triangular Relationship in Unjust Enrichment of Wrong Remittance

摘要: 汇款人委托银行向受款人汇款，因错误汇款引发的不当得利返还问题，系不当得利法上的指示给付关系案型。在以给付目的确定不当得利关系的观点下，指示具有给付目的确定之意义，汇款人是否以意思表示错误撤销指示给付，会产生不同的不当得利返还路径。此外，在汇入行基于其与受款人之间的贷款合同，行使抵销权直接划扣错误汇款项时，基于利益衡量与公平观点，不能因为汇款人一时过错而将受款人无资力风险转嫁给汇款人，应考虑突破以给付目的确定不当得利关系，由银行承担补充责任，汇款人得向银行直索。

Abstract: When the remitter entrusts the bank to remit the money to the remittee, the restitution of unjust enrichment caused by the wrong remittance is the type of direction performance in unjust enrichment. Under the view of determining the relationship of un-just enrichment based on the purpose of payment, for the direction determines the purpose of payment, it is necessary to distinguish whether the remitter revokes the direction or not. When it comes to the bank exercising the right of set-off to deduct the wrong remittance item, based on the contract between it and the remittee, the principle of determining the relationship of unjust en-richment based on the purpose of payment is supposed to be broken. According to interest meas-urement and fairness, the inadequacy risk of the remittee should be borne by the bank, and the risk should not be transferred to the remitter due to the wrong remittance. Therefore, the bank is bound to supplementary liability and the remitter could claim the restitution of unjust enrichment from the bank.