营商环境改革下的超级优先权——《民法典》第416条规范释论

Super Priority under Business Environment Reform—Normative Interpretation of Article 416 of the Civil Code

摘要: 《民法典》在“抵押权”一章新增了第416条作为对价款债权抵押权的规定，打破了一直以来浮动抵押权的垄断地位，促使融资积极性提高，对商事领域有毋庸置疑的突破性影响，因而，对《民法典》第416条作出规范释论极其重要。《民法典》第416条在比较法上参照了《美国统一商法典》中具有超级优先顺位的价款债权担保。作为价款债权担保的下位概念，本条规定的价款债权抵押权应当以抵押权的定位为前提讨论其法律效果。

Abstract: Article 416 is added in the chapter of Mortgage Rights in the Civil Code as a provision on the mortgage rights of the price, which breaks the monop-oly position of floating mortgage, promotes the improvement of financing enthusiasm, and has an undoubted breakthrough impact on the commercial field. Therefore, it is extremely important to make normative interpretation on Article 416 of the Civil Code. Article 416 of the Civil Code refers to the guarantee of the price debt with super priority in the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States in comparison law. As the next concept of the creditor’s right guarantee of price, the legal ef-fect of the creditor’s right mortgage of price stipulated in this article should be discussed on the premise of the positioning of the mortgage.