杜威环境观对和谐教育生态构建的启示——基于杜威的《民主主义与教育》一书

The Enlightenment of Dewey’s Environmental View on the Construction of Harmonious Education Ecology—Democracy and Education Based on John Dewey

摘要: 美国实用主义哲学家和教育家杜威在其哲学代表作《民主主义与教育》一书中系统阐述了实用主义教育理论。在《教育是社会的职能》和《教育即指导》两章中杜威专门阐述了自己的环境观，指出社会环境具有偶发自然的教育意义，而专门为教育设计的环境——学校，是一种特殊的环境并且具有简化、净化、平衡和协调环境的功能。由杜威的环境观可知环境具有能促使人自我生成和自我教育的重要功能，这启示现代教育改革应重视创设良好的社会、家庭和学校环境，打造家校协同育人格局，对促进和谐的现代教育生态具有重要价值。

Abstract: American pragmatism philosopher and educator John Dewey systematically expounded pragmatism education theory in his philosophical masterpiece Democracy and Education. In the chapters “Education is the Function of Society” and “Education is Guidance”, Dewey specifically elaborated on his own environmental view, pointing out that the social environment has occasional natural educational significance, and the environment specifically designed for education—school—is a special environment with the functions of simplifying, purifying, balancing, and coordinating the environment. Combining Dewey’s environmental perspective with the disciplinary function of school places, it can be seen that the environment has important educational functions that can promote people’s self generation and self-education. Inspiration: modern education should attach importance to creating a good social, family, and school environment, creating a collaborative education pattern be-tween family and school, which has important value in promoting a harmonious modern education ecology.