新冠肺炎疫情期间太极拳对于缓解老年人焦虑效应的Meta分析

Meta Analysis of the Effect of Taijiquan on Relieving Anxiety of the Elderly during the COVID-19

摘要: 目的：探讨疫情期间太极拳锻炼对于缓解老年人焦虑的干预效应及其调节因素。方法：检索Web of Science、Pubmed、Springer、Proquest、中国知网、万方、维普数据库于2020年1月1日~2022年10月20日发表的相关论文，由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料及评价偏倚风险后，运用Comprehensive Meta-analysis3.0软件进行元分析，并选用Hedge’s g值作为效应量指标。结果：共纳入了17篇文章，20个效应量，904名被试(干预组和对照组平均年龄或中位数年龄均 ≥ 55岁)。meta分析结果显示：太极对于缓解老年人焦虑的干预效应g = 0.876，即呈现了大效应量。对纳入文献进行异质性检验的结果表明，Q = 55.50，p < 0.001，I2 = 65.82，说明纳入文献存在较大的异质性，有必要进行亚组分析。亚组分析的结果表明，患病情况、干预时长、干预频率对干预效应均不存在调节作用，而对照组类型对干预效应存在调节作用。结论：在新冠肺炎疫情期间太极锻炼可以有效地缓解老年人的焦虑，其效用对于参与锻炼的不同健康状况的老年人具有普适性，与周期为8~12周以及干预频率为1~3次/周的太极干预相比，长期干预(>12周)、高频率干预(>3次/周)不存在明显的剂量效用，太极对于老年人缓解焦虑的效果优于其它运动形式，而其它运动形式同样有效。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the intervention effect of Taijiquan on relieving anxiety of the elderly during the epidemic situation and its regulatory factors. Methods: To search the papers on relieving the anxiety of the elderly by Taijiquan published by Web of Science, Pubmed, Springer, Proquest, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu databases from January 1, 2020 to October 20, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the bias risk. They used the Comprehensive Meta-analysis 3.0 software for meta analysis, and selected the Hedge’s g value as the effect indicator. Results: Totally 17 articles, 20 effects and 904 subjects were included (the average age or median age of the intervention group and the control group was ≥ 55 years). The results of meta-analysis showed that the intervention effect of Taijiquan on relieving the anxiety of the elderly was g = 0.876, which showed a large amount of effect. The results of the heterogeneity test of the included literature showed that Q = 55.50, p < 0.001, I2 = 65.82, indicating that the included literature had a large heterogeneity, and it was necessary to conduct subgroup analysis. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the disease condition, intervention duration and intervention frequency had no regulatory effect on the intervention effect, while the type of control group had regulatory effect on the intervention effect. Conclusion: During the COVID-19, Taijiquan can effectively alleviate the anxiety of the elderly, and the intervention effect is better than that during the non epidemic period. Its effect is universal for the elderly with different health conditions. Compared with the tai chi intervention with 8~12 weeks and 1~3 times/week intervention frequency, the long-term intervention (>12 weeks) and high-frequency intervention (>3 times/week) do not have obvious dose effect, and the effect of Tai Chi is better than other forms of exercise in relieving the anxiety of the elderly, while other forms of exercise are equally effective.