高海拔稻区水稻“3414”肥料效应研究

Study on the Fertilizer Effect of Rice “3414” in High Altitude Rice Area

摘要: 在高海拔稻区(湖北利川)，设置“3414”肥料效应试验，氮磷钾三要素的单因素和交互效应分析表明，氮肥效应明显、磷钾肥基本无效应，氮磷交互效应最高，氮钾与氮磷钾相当，磷钾无交互效应；肥料利用率低，氮肥利用率在27.55%~39.17%之间，磷钾肥利用率基本为零或负值；氮肥能很好拟合一元二次效应方程，拟合的二元二次方程氮磷极显著、氮钾和磷钾不显著，三元二次方程极显著；综合一元、二元、三元二次方程计算的最佳或最大施肥量及水稻产量，可将高海拔稻区的目标亩产定到600~750 kg，N、P₂O₅、K₂O亩用量18~25、10~15、16~22 kg，根据水田的肥力水平适度调整。

Abstract: In the high-altitude rice area (Lichuan, Hubei Province), the “3414” fertilizer effect test was set. The single factor and interaction effect analysis of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium showed that nitrogen had obvious effect, phosphorus and potassium had no effect, and the interaction effect of nitrogen and phosphorus was the highest. Nitrogen and potassium were equivalent to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but phosphorus and potassium had no interaction ef-fect. The utilization rate of fertilizer was low, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was between 27.55% and 39.17%, while the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was basically zero or negative. Nitrogen fertilizer can fit the one-element quadratic effect equation well. The fitting two-element quadratic equation is very significant for N and P, but not significant for N and P and K, and very significant for ternary quadratic equation. Based on the optimal or maximum fertilizer application and rice yield calculated by one-yuan, two-yuan and three- yuan quadratic equations, the target yield of high-altitude rice area can be set to 600~750 kg per mu, and the amount of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O mu can be 18~25, 10~15 and 16~22 kg, which can be moderately adjusted according to the fertility level of paddy field.