催收非法债务罪刑法研究

Criminal Law Research on the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debt

摘要: 在催收非法债务行为严重扰乱社会秩序和侵害公民人身权利的行为多发，但司法实践对于该类行为以寻衅滋事罪等罪名进行错误适用的情形下，《刑法修正案(十一)》制定了催收非法债务罪以纠正司法实务错误，该罪名的设立在现实需求层面和法理层面皆具有合理性。通过对理论上关于该罪的法益讨论梳理与分析，最终确认催收非法债务罪的法益应当是双重法益，即社会秩序和公民人身权利。催收非法债务罪与非法拘禁罪是想象竞合关系，催收非法债务罪和寻衅滋事罪是法条竞合的关系。在溯及力问题上，讨论既往实务对催收非法债务行为的处理状况，提出对于催收非法债务罪的适用应当坚持从旧兼从轻原则，催收非法债务行为达到严重扰乱社会秩序的情况下，有适用寻衅滋事罪的可能性。

Abstract: Where the collection of illegal debts seriously disturbs the social order and infringes on the rights of the person of citizens, but judicial practice wrongly applies such acts to crimes such as the crime of provoking and provoking trouble, the Criminal Law Amendment (11) formulated the crime of collecting illegal debt to correct judicial errors. The establishment of the crime is reasonable in both the practical demand and the legal theory. Through the discussion and analysis of the legal interest of the crime, it is finally confirmed that the legal interest of the crime of collecting illegal debt should be double legal interest, that is, the social order and the personal rights of citizens. The crime of collection of illegal debt and the crime of illegal detention are imaginative concurrence, while the crime of collection of illegal debt and the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble are concurrence of the law. On the issue of retroactivity, this paper discusses the handling situation of the collection of illegal debts in the past practice, and points out that the application of the crime of collection of illegal debts should adhere to the principle of “old and lenient”. When the behavior of collection of illegal debts has seriously disturbed the social order, it is possible to apply the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles.