卢卡奇物化学说与马克思异化学说的异同

The Similarities and Differences between Lukacs’ Theory of Physical Chemistry and Marx’s Theory of Alienation

摘要: 卢卡奇根据马克思在《资本论》中对商品拜物教的分析，在《历史与阶级意识》中提出物化学说，马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中提出了他的异化学说，两种学说有许多差异也存在许多联系。本文第一部分简要论述了卢卡奇物化学说与马克思异化理论的来源、概念和表现形式。第二部分在此基础上对两种学说进行比较，从理解概念、产生根源、扬弃路径和批判重点四个方面对两个学说进行分析比较，并梳理两者之间的联系。最后提出将物化学说和异化学说比较的意义和对我国的价值。

Abstract: Lukacs, based on Marx’s analysis of commodity fetishism in Das Kapital, put forward the theory of physicochemistry in History and Class Consciousness, and Marx put forward his theory of alienation in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844. There are many differences and connections between the two theories. The first part of this article briefly discusses the sources, concepts, and manifestations of Lukacs’ theory of physical chemistry and Marx’s theory of alienation. The second part compares the two theories based on this, analyzing and comparing them from four aspects: understanding the concept, root causes, path of development and abandonment, and critical focus, and sorting out the connections between the two. Finally, the significance and value of comparing the theory of physical chemistry with the theory of alienation for China are proposed.