基于无人机摄影的快速地形测绘方法研究

Research on Rapid Terrain Mapping Method Based on UAV Photography

摘要: 由于地面植被之间的遮挡，导致利用现代测绘技术实施对地形数据测量时，往往存在测量死角，导致最终结果的准确性较低，为此，提出基于无人机摄影的地形数据测量方法研究。以目标区域中心为基础，利用无人机分别在30˚，60˚以及90˚的高度上进行360˚影像数据采集，并结合地形表面对无人机的飞行速度进行适应性调节，通过这样的方式获取完整影像数据后，在不同维度的数据进行拟合，得到测试区域的三维模型，利用中心点的坐标信息，对模型内任意位置具体参数进行赋值，实现对不同地形数据的测量。测试结果表明，设计方法的测量结果与实际地形数据之间的误差稳定在2.00 cm以内，具有较高可靠性。

Abstract: Due to the occlusion between vegetation on the ground, when using modern surveying and mapping technology to measure terrain data, there are often measurement dead angles, resulting in low accuracy of the final results. Therefore, a research on terrain data measurement method based on drone photography is proposed. Based on the center of the target area, the UAV is used to collect 360˚ image data at altitudes of 30˚, 60˚, and 90˚, and the flight speed of the UAV is adaptively adjusted based on the terrain surface. After obtaining complete image data in this way, the 3D model of the test area is obtained by fitting the data in different dimensions, using the coordinate information of the center point, assign specific parameters at any location within the model to achieve measurement of different terrain data. The test results show that the error between the measurement results of the design method and the actual terrain data is stable within 2.00 cm, with high reliability.