父母教养方式与厌学青少年焦虑抑郁的相关性研究

A Study on the Correlation between Parenting Style and School Weariness and Depression

摘要: 目的：探讨厌学青少年父母教养方式、心理适应与焦虑、抑郁水平之间的关系。方法：本研究选取近一年因厌学至XX医院临床心理科门诊就诊的92名青少年，采用简式父母教养方式问卷(S-EMBU)、青少年适应性量表、SDS宗氏抑郁自评量表、SAS宗氏焦虑自评量表进行问卷调查。所有数据处理和分析均采用SPSS 25.0。结果：父母拒绝、父母过度保护与焦虑、抑郁呈正相关(r = 0.162~0.457，除父母过度保护与焦虑p = 0.124，其余均p < 0.05)；父母温暖与焦虑、抑郁呈负相关(r = -0.207, p < 0.05, r = −0.280, p < 0.01)；心理适应与父母过度保护(r = −0.254, p < 0.05)、父母拒绝、焦虑、抑郁呈负相关(r = −0.481~−0.255，均p < 0.05)。心理适应在父母拒绝维度与厌学青少年焦虑、抑郁之间具有部分中介效应，所占比例分别为49.47%，20.49%；心理适应在父母过度保护与青少年焦虑、抑郁之间具有部分中介效应，所占比例分别为54.77%，18.67%。结论：父母拒绝、父母过度保护两种不良教养方式是厌学青少年焦虑抑郁情绪的危险因素，不利于心理适应水平的发展；低下的心理适应水平更容易导致厌学青少年焦虑抑郁情绪；心理适应在父母拒绝、过度保护与厌学青少年抑郁、焦虑间起部分中介作用；在父母温暖与厌学青少年抑郁、焦虑间不起中介作用。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between parental rearing style, psychological adaptation and anxiety and depression levels of adolescents who hate learning. Methods: This study selected 92 adolescents who visited the outpatient clinic of the Clinical Psychology Department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital due to weariness in the past year. The short form parenting style questionnaire (S-EMBU), Adolescent Adaptability Scale, SDS Zong’s Self Rating Depression Scale and SAS Zong’s Self Rating Anxiety Scale were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. All data processing and analysis were carried out by SPSS 25.0, and the mediation effect test was carried out by correlation analysis, Bootstrap and other methods. Results: Parental rejection and parental overprotection were positively correlated with anxiety and depression (r = 0.162~0.457, except for parental overprotection and anxiety, p = 0.124, the rest were all p < 0.05); parental warmth was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression (r = −0.207, p < 0.05, r = −0.280, p < 0.01); psychological adaptation was negatively correlated with parental overprotection (r = −0.254, p < 0.05), parental rejection, anxiety, and depression (r = −0.481~−0.255, all p < 0.05). Psychological adaptation has a partial mediating effect between parental rejection dimension and the anxiety and depression of school-weary adolescents, accounting for 49.47% and 20.49% respectively; psychological adaptation has a partial mediating effect between parental overprotection and adolescent anxiety and depression. The proportions are 54.77% and 18.67% respectively. Conclusion: The two bad parenting styles of parental rejection and parental overprotection were positively correlated with anxiety and depression level, and negatively correlated with psychological adaptation; psychological adaptation was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression level; anxiety played a partial mediating role; it did not mediate the relationship between parental warmth and school- weary adolescent depression and anxiety.