二元的自我中的统一之处——基于弗洛伊德与詹姆斯的自我理论

Unity in the Dual Self—Based on the Self Theory of Freud and James

摘要: 在心理学内部，各流派对于“自我”的定义或概念阐述都千差万别。笛卡尔为“自我”无需疑窦给出确凿的证据，同时深刻的影响着往后的自我研究——大多心理学家们都延续了笛卡尔的二元性的进路，自我的研究便具有了二元性。过去学界受到当时环境之影响而更多深入挖掘自我的二元对立性，而如今再度回首佛洛伊德与詹姆斯的自我理论，二者对于“自我”的研究都朝向一个矛盾辩证的超越统合之路，而非绝对的二元对立。

Abstract: Within psychology, the definitions or conceptual elaborations of the “self” vary widely across schools. Descartes gave conclusive evidence for the “self” without any doubts, and at the same time profoundly influenced the future self-research-most psychologists continued the duality approach of Descartes, and the study of the self has duality. In the past, influenced by the environment at that time, the academic circles dig deeper into the duality of the self, but now looking back at the self theory of Freud and James, the research on the “self” of both is towards a contradiction and dialectical transcendence and integration path, rather than an absolute duality.