读弗洛姆的《逃避自由》看待当代大学生择业心理困境

Reading Fromm’s Escape from Freedom to View the Psychological Dilemma of Contemporary College Students in Choosing a Career

摘要: 面对当前大学生就业形势的严峻，大学生的择业心理问题频发。弗洛姆的《逃避自由》中论述了现代人为了逃避自由带来的恐惧和孤独，就会通过依赖和服从来逃避自由带来的危险，就会通过不同的机制来逃避，包含权威主义、破坏欲和机械趋同这三种逃避自由的机制。而大学生在面临择业时，基于这三种机制产生了择业自卑、依赖心理，择业抑郁、焦虑心理，择业迷茫、从众心理。面对这些不良心理问题，弗洛姆的《逃避自由》为现代大学生提供了追求自由的方法，他提倡我们走向积极自由并提出如何走向这种积极自由。高校应注重大学生主体性引导，树立“积极自由”的择业观，引导大学生进行积极的心理调适，培养积极的人格品质、加强对大学生的职业导航，增强自我效能感。

Abstract: Facing the severe employment situation of college students, the psychological problems of choosing a career frequently occur. Fromm’s “Escape from Freedom” discusses that in order to escape the fear and loneliness brought by freedom, modern people will escape the danger brought by freedom through dependence on kimono, and they will escape through different mechanisms, including authoritarianism, desire for destruction and mechanical convergence. When college students are faced with choosing a career, based on these three mechanisms, they have the psychology of inferiority and dependence, depression and anxiety, confusion and conformity in choosing a career. In the face of these adverse psychological problems, Fromm’s Escape from Freedom provides a way for modern college students to pursue freedom. He advocates that we should move towards positive freedom and proposes how to move towards such positive freedom. Colleges and universities should pay attention to the subjective guidance of college students, establish the “positive and free” career view, guide college students to carry out positive psychological adjustment, cultivate positive personality quality, strengthen the career navigation of college students, enhance the sense of self-efficacy.