民事执行和解制度问题研究

Research on Civil Execution Reconciliation System

摘要: 1982年《民事诉讼法(试行)》起草者对当时的“说服教育”原则进行巧妙变通，于是出现了民事执行和解制度。它的出现是在复杂的社会环境下一种理想的结案方式，为法院因受困于执行难问题提供了一种结案“出口”，极大地缓解诉讼压力，双方当事人在民事执行和解程序中达成和解协议，既能够充分实现意思自治尊重当事人的意愿，又能够降低诉讼成本节约司法资源，还能避免执行错误事由的出现，这一制度对民事诉讼实践产生重要的影响，具有诸多法律优势。然而对于现行的民事执行和解制度的适用却不尽如人意，“高和解率”以及“高反悔率”居高不下严重影响到司法权威，需要针对这些现实问题对执行和解制度进行优化，从而更好地改善其在适用中存在的“执行难”的不利局面。

Abstract: In 1982, the drafters of the Civil Procedure Law (Trial) skillfully changed the principle of “persuasion and education” at that time, so the civil execution reconciliation system appeared. Its appearance is an ideal way to close a case in a complex social environment, which provides an outlet for the court to close the case because of the difficulty in execution, greatly alleviating the litigation pressure. The two parties reach a settlement agreement in the civil execution settlement procedure, which can not only fully realize the autonomy of the will, but also reduce the litigation cost and save judicial resources, and also avoid the occurrence of execution errors. This system has an important impact on civil litigation practice and has many legal advantages. However, the application of the current civil execution reconciliation system is not satisfactory, and the high reconciliation rate and high repentance rate seriously affect the judicial authority. It is necessary to optimize the execution reconciliation system in view of these practical problems, so as to better improve the unfavorable situation of “difficult execution” in its application.