幼儿入学准备教育“小学化”现象

The Phenomenon of “Primary School” in Preschool Preparation Education

摘要: 入学准备是指对幼儿在进入学校时应当达到的发展水平的期望或能够适应新的学习环境和任务要求的身心发展的水平与状态。我国的入学准备教育中存在最为严重的现象就是“小学化”，幼儿园与家长存在着认为入学准备教育就是提前让幼儿学习小学知识，体验小学学习方式的误区。研究发现入学准备教育小学化的主要表现为入学准备内容小学化、入学准备方式小学化、入学准备环境小学化。而入学准备教育小学化的主要原因是幼儿家长的期待与错误观念、幼儿园和私立机构迎合利益的表现、幼儿教师的专业素养不高。因此在去“小学化”背景下对幼儿入学准备教育提出以下建议：要加强政府监管、提高幼儿教师专业素质，重视家园合作，帮助家长形成科学育儿观、保证幼儿的游戏和幼儿园环境创设。

Abstract: School readiness refers to the level and state of physical and mental development that young children should expect to achieve when entering school, or be able to adapt to new learning environments and task requirements. The most serious phenomenon in China’s school readiness education is “primary schoolization”. Kindergartens and parents have the misconception that school readiness education is about allowing young children to learn primary school knowledge and experience the way they learn in advance. Research has found that the main manifestations of primary school edu-cation in enrollment preparation are the content, methods, and environment of enrollment preparation. The main reasons for the primalization of school readiness education are the expectations and misconceptions of parents, the performance of kindergartens and private institutions in cater-ing to interests, and the low professional literacy of preschool teachers. Therefore, in the context of de primary education, the following suggestions are put forward for the education of children’s school preparation: to strengthen government supervision, improve the professional quality of preschool teachers, attach importance to home cooperation, help parents form a scientific parenting concept, ensure children’s play and create a kindergarten environment.