论中国古代“自挽”文学形式的生成

On the Generation of “Self-Elegy” Literary Form in Ancient China

摘要: 《文选》所载缪袭、陆机和陶渊明的挽歌诗，叙事抒情视角由广泛的他者逐渐转向自我，缘情功能增强，展示了文人“自挽”书写形式的生成历程。其中，陶渊明《挽歌诗》完全从自我视角切入，自我哀悼，确立了挽歌“自挽”书写的独特形式。这说明至迟在魏晋时期，一种以自我视角来反思生命困境的自挽式诗体已经形成。厘清自挽歌诗传统的生成史，有益于深入认识中国古代自哀、自悼和自祭的自挽文学传统。

Abstract: In the elegy poems by Xi Miao, Ji Lu and Yuanming Tao contained in Wen Xuan, the narrative lyric perspective gradually turns from a wide range of others to the self, and the function of emotional expression has been enhanced, showing the generative process of the literati’s self-mourning writing form. Among them, Yuanming Tao’s Elegy Poems completely starts from the perspective of self and is self-mourning, establishing the unique form of elegy “self-elegy” writing. This shows that in the Wei and Jin dynasties at the latest, a self-elegy poetry to reflect on the plight of life from the self-perspective has been formed. Clarifying the generative history of the self-elegy poetry tradition is conducive to deepening the deep understanding of the ancient Chinese literary tradition of self-mourning and self-sacrifice.