试论英美哲学之分支——分析的马克思主义

Attempting to Discuss the Branch of British and American Philosophy—Analytical Marxism

摘要: 分析的马克思主义继承了英美哲学的种种分析和实证方法，再辅之以马克思主义理论，试图将分析哲学中的明晰性、科学性、规范性赋予马克思主义传统中的基本概念和重要命题。在建立初期，分析马克思主义通过对包括剥削、阶级以及历史唯物主义等范畴的解析、澄清和重构，试图增强马克思主义在当今时代下的解释力。在后期，分析马克思主义出现了明显的政治哲学转向，通过驳斥当代自由主义理论为资本主义所作的辩护，分析马克思主义者逐步阐明了社会主义的正义观，从而弥补了经典马克思主义在规范学说方面的理论空场，然而对历史唯物主义的偏离以及对辩证法的放弃，使得分析马克思主义存在着诸多偏颇和失误。

Abstract: Analytical Marxism inherits various analytical and empirical methods of British and American philosophy, supplemented by Marxist theory, and attempts to endow clarity, scientificity, and standardization in analytic philosophy with basic concepts and important propositions in the Marxist tradition. In the early days of its establishment, analytical Marxism tried to enhance the explanatory power of Marxism in today’s era through the analysis, clarification and reconstruction of such categories as exploitation, class and historical materialism. In the later period, there was an obvious political and philosophical turn in analytical Marxism. By refuting the contemporary liberalism theory’s defense of capitalism, analytical Marxists gradually clarified the socialist concept of justice, thus making up for the theoretical gap in the normative theory of classical Marxism. However, the deviation from historical materialism and the abandonment of dialectics, there are many biases and errors in analyzing Marxism.