数据抓取行为的反不正当竞争法规制研究

Research on the Regulation of Anti-Unfair Competition Law for Data Capture Behavior

摘要: 数据抓取行为有利于数据共享的同时，也成为了新型不正当竞争手段。数据抓取行为因其技术中立性和行为隐蔽性，对其法律性质的认定应当分类讨论，同时也增加了数据不正当抓取行为的认定难度。竞争法框架下，可以通过互联网专条中的兜底条款、一般条款以及商业秘密保护条款对数据不正当抓取行为进行规制。由于专条兜底条款和商业秘密条款保护对象的局限性，司法实践中常通过一般条款认定数据抓取的不正当竞争性。在司法实践形成类型规制的情形下，有必要增设“数据抓取不正当竞争行为”条款、增强爬虫协议的法效性。

Abstract: Data capture behavior is conducive to data sharing, but also becomes a new means of unfair competition. Because of its technical neutrality and behavior concealability, the identification of its legal nature should be classified and discussed, which also increases the difficulty of the identification of improper data grabbing behavior. Under the framework of competition law, improper data capture can be regulated through the bottom clause, general clause and trade secret protection clause in the Internet article. Due to the limitations of the protection objects of the special disclosure clause and the trade secret clause, the unfair competition of data capture is often identified through the general clause in judicial practice. In the case of the formation of type regulation in judicial practice, it is necessary to add “data grabbing unfair competition behavior” clause and enhance the legal validity of crawler agreement.